Surah 9 · 9:31
Surah At-Tawbah 9:31
At-Tawbah · The Repentance
ٱتَّخَذ
Ittakhathoo ahbarahumwaruhbanahum arbaban min dooni Allahi walmaseehaibna maryama wama omiroo illa liyaAAbudoo ilahanwahidan la ilaha illa huwa subhanahuAAamma yushrikoon
They have taken their scholars and monks as lords besides Allāh, and [also] the Messiah, the son of Mary. And they were not commanded except to worship one God; there is no deity except Him. Exalted is He above whatever they associate with Him.
Mereka menjadikan orang-orang alim (Yahudi) dan rahib-rahibnya (Nasrani) sebagai tuhan selain Allah, dan (juga) Al-Masih putra Maryam; padahal mereka hanya disuruh menyembah Tuhan Yang Maha Esa; tidak ada tuhan selain Dia. Mahasuci Dia dari apa yang mereka persekutukan.
Tafsir
Ibn Kathir (Abridged)
Fighting the Jews and Christians is legislated because They are Idolators and Disbelievers
Allah the Exalted encourages the believers to fight the polytheists, disbelieving Jews and Christians, who uttered this terrible statement and utter lies against Allah, the Exalted. As for the Jews, they claimed that `Uzayr was the son of God, Allah is free of what they attribute to Him. As for the misguidance of Christians over `Isa, it is obvious. This is why Allah declared both groups to be liars,
ذلِكَ قَوْلُهُم بِأَفْوَهِهِمْ
(That is their saying with their mouths), but they have no proof that supports their claim, other than lies and fabrications,
يُضَـهِئُونَ
(resembling), imitating,
قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِن قَبْلُ
(the saying of those who disbelieved aforetime.) They imitate the previous nations who fell into misguidance just as Jews and Christians did,
قَـتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ
(may Allah fight them), Ibn `Abbas said, "May Allah curse them."
أَنَّى يُؤْفَكُونَ
(how they are deluded away from the truth!) how they deviate from truth, when it is apparent, exchanging it for misguidance. Allah said next,
اتَّخَذُواْ أَحْبَـرَهُمْ وَرُهْبَـنَهُمْ أَرْبَاباً مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ وَالْمَسِيحَ ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ
(They took their rabbis and their monks to be their lords besides Allah, and the Messiah, son of Maryam) 9:31. Imam Ahmad, At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Jarir At-Tabari recorded a Hadith via several chains of narration, from `Adi bin Hatim, may Allah be pleased with him, who became Christian during the time of Jahiliyyah. When the call of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ reached his area, `Adi ran away to Ash-Sham, and his sister and several of his people were captured. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ freed his sister and gave her gifts. So she went to her brother and encouraged him to become Muslim and to go to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. `Adi, who was one of the chiefs of his people (the tribe of Tai') and whose father, Hatim At-Ta'i, was known for his generosity, went to Al-Madinah. When the people announced his arrival, `Adi went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wearing a silver cross around his neck. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ recited this Ayah;
اتَّخَذُواْ أَحْبَـرَهُمْ وَرُهْبَـنَهُمْ أَرْبَاباً مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ
(They took their rabbis and their monks to be their lords besides Allah). `Adi commented, "I said, `They did not worship them."' The Prophet said,
«بَلَى إِنَّهُمْ حَرَّمُوا عَلَيْهِمُ الْحَلَالَ وَأَحَلُّوا لَهُمُ الْحَرَامَ فَاتَّبَعُوهُمْ فَذَلِكَ عِبَادَتُهُمْ إِيَّاهُم»
(Yes they did. They (rabbis and monks) prohibited the allowed for them (Christians and Jews) and allowed the prohibited, and they obeyed them. This is how they worshipped them.) The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to `Adi,
«يَا عَدِيُّ مَا تَقُولُ؟ أَيُفِرُّكَ أَنْ يُقَالَ: اللهُ أَكْبَرَ؟ فَهَلْ تَعْلَمُ شَيْئًا أَكْبَرَ مِنَ اللهِ؟ مَا يُفِرُّكَ؟ أَيُفِرُّكَ أَنْ يُقَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ؟ فَهَلْ تَعْلَمُ مَنْ إِلهٌ إِلَّا اللهُ؟»
(O `Adi what do you say Did you run away (to Ash-Sham) so that 'Allahu Akbar' (Allah is the Great) is not pronounced Do you know of anything greater than Allah What made you run away Did you run away so that `La ilaha illallah' is not pronounced Do you know of any deity worthy of worship except Allah)
The Messenger ﷺ invited `Adi to embrace Islam, and he embraced Islam and pronounced the Testimony of Truth. The face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ beamed with pleasure and he said to `Adi,
«إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ مَغْضُوبٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَالنَّصَارَى ضَالُّون»
(Verily, the Jews have earned the anger (of Allah) and the Christians are misguided.) Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman, `Abdullah bin `Abbas and several others said about the explanation of,
اتَّخَذُواْ أَحْبَـرَهُمْ وَرُهْبَـنَهُمْ أَرْبَاباً مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ
(They took their rabbis and their monks to be their lords besides Allah...) that the Christians and Jews obeyed their monks and rabbis in whatever they allowed or prohibited for them. This is why Allah said,
وَمَآ أُمِرُواْ إِلاَّ لِيَعْبُدُواْ إِلَـهاً وَحِداً
(while they were commanded to worship none but One God), Who, whatever He renders prohibited is the prohibited, whatever He allowed is the allowed, whatever He legislates, is to be the law followed, and whatever He decides is to be adhered to;
لاَّ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ سُبْحَـنَهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ
(None has the right to be worshipped but He. Hallowed be He above what they associate (with Him).) Meaning, exalted, sanctified, hallowed above partners, equals, aids, rivals or children, there is no deity or Lord worthy of worship except Him.
Tafsir Kemenag RI
Pada ayat ini dijelaskan bentuk kesesatan Ahli Kitab, kaum Yahudi, dan kaum Nasrani, masing-masing mengambil dan mengangkat Tuhan selain Allah swt. Orang Yahudi menjadikan pendeta agama mereka sebagai Tuhan yang mempunyai hak menetapkan hukum menghalalkan dan mengharam-kan. Sedang orang-orang Nasrani menjadikan rahib-rahib mereka sebagai Tuhan yang harus ditaati dan disembah. Dalam Islam, kedudukan pemuka agama, tidak lebih sebagai seorang ahli yang mempunyai pengetahuan mendalam tentang seluk beluk syariat. Segala pendapat dan fatwa yang dikemukakan, hanyalah sebagai penjelasan dari hukum-hukum Allah yang harus disertai dan didasarkan atas dalil-dalil yang nyata dari firman Allah swt, atau sunnah Rasul. Mereka tidak berhak sedikit pun membuat syariat, karena syariat adalah hak Allah semata.
Menurut penganut agama Nasrani, di samping Isa Almasih dianggap sebagai Tuhan yang disembah, ada juga yang menyembah ibunya, yaitu Maryam, padahal Isa adalah seorang rasul seperti rasul-rasul sebelumnya dan Maryam ibunya, hanya seorang perempuan yang salehah dan tekun beribadah sehingga mendapat gelar Maryam Al-Butul, dan keduanya makan dan minum sebagaimana halnya manusia-manusia yang lain. Firman Allah swt:
Almasih putra Maryam hanyalah seorang Rasul. Sebelumnya pun sudah berlalu beberapa rasul. Dan ibunya seorang yang berpegang teguh pada kebenaran. Keduanya biasa memakan makanan. (al-Ma'idah/5: 75)
Pemeluk Kristen, Katolik dan orang-orang Ortodok menyembah murid-murid Isa dan pesuruh-pesuruhnya, begitu juga kepala-kepala dan pemuka-pemuka agamanya, yang dianggap suci, dan dijadikannya perantara yang akan menyampaikan ibadah mereka kepada Allah. Mereka juga menganggap pendeta-pendeta mereka mempunyai hak mengampuni ataupun tidak mengampuni sesuai dengan keinginannya, padahal tidak ada yang berhak mengampuni dosa kecuali Allah swt, sebagaimana firman-Nya:
Dan siapa (lagi) yang dapat mengampuni dosa-dosa selain Allah? (Ali-Imran/3: 135)
Adapun kaum Yahudi, mereka menambahkan hukum lain kepada syariat agamanya. Mereka tidak mencukupkan dan membatasi diri pada hukum yang terdapat dalam Taurat sebagai pedoman hidupnya, tetapi menambah dan memasukkan hukum-hukum lain yang didengarnya dari kepala-kepala agama mereka sebelum hukum-hukum itu dibukukan menjadi peraturan yang harus dituruti dan ditaati oleh pemeluk Yahudi.
Demikianlah kesesatan-kesesatan yang telah diperbuat Ahli Kitab, padahal mereka itu tidak diperintahkan, kecuali menyembah Tuhan Yang Satu, Tuhan Seru sekalian alam, yaitu Allah swt, karena tidak ada Tuhan Yang berhak disembah kecuali Dia. Dia adalah Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, tiada sekutu bagi-Nya baik mengenai zat-Nya, sifat-sifat-Nya maupun afal-Nya. Mahasuci Allah swt dari apa yang mereka persekutukan. Apabila mereka percaya bahwa pemimpin-pemimpin mereka itu berhak menentukan suatu hukum, berarti mereka mempunyai kepercayaan bahwa ada Tuhan yang disembah selain Allah swt yang dapat menimpakan penyakit dan menyembuhkan, menghidupkan dan mematikan tanpa izin Allah. Semua itu timbul dari kehendak hawa nafsu dan akal pikirannya, tidak bersumber dari wahyu Ilahi.
Tafsir is bundled locally for static rendering. Verify redistribution rights for Ibn Kathir and Tafsir Kemenag before production release.
Word by word
ٱتَّخَذُوٓاْ
ittakhadhū
They have taken
أَحۡبَارَهُمۡ
aḥbārahum
their rabbis
وَرُهۡبَٰنَهُمۡ
waruh'bānahum
and their monks
أَرۡبَابٗا
arbāban
(as) Lords
مِّن
min
besides
دُونِ
dūni
besides
ٱللَّهِ
l-lahi
Allah
وَٱلۡمَسِيحَ
wal-masīḥa
and the Messiah
ٱبۡنَ
ib'na
son
مَرۡيَمَ
maryama
(of) Maryam
وَمَآ
wamā
And not
أُمِرُوٓاْ
umirū
they were commanded
إِلَّا
illā
except
لِيَعۡبُدُوٓاْ
liyaʿbudū
that they worship
إِلَٰهٗا
ilāhan
One God
وَٰحِدٗاۖ
wāḥidan
One God
لَّآ
lā
(There) is no
إِلَٰهَ
ilāha
god
إِلَّا
illā
except
هُوَۚ
huwa
Him
سُبۡحَٰنَهُۥ
sub'ḥānahu
Glory be to Him
عَمَّا
ʿammā
from what
يُشۡرِكُونَ
yush'rikūna
they associate (with Him)