Surah Taha 20:114

The Qur'an was revealed so that the People would have Taqwa and reflect

After Allah, the Exalted, mentions that on the Day of Judgement both the good and the evil will be recompensed and there is no avoiding it, He then explains that the Qur'an was revealed as a bringer of glad tidings and a warner in the clear and eloquent Arabic language. There is no confusion or deficiency in it.

وَصَرَّفْنَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْوَعِيدِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ

(And thus We have sent it down as a Qur'an in Arabic, and have explained therein in detail the warnings, in order that they may have Taqwa of,) This means: so that they will leave off sins, forbidden things and lewd abominations.

أَوْ يُحْدِثُ لَهُمْ ذِكْراً

(or that it may cause them to have a lesson from it.) This means: to produce acts of obedience and deeds that will bring one closer to Allah.

فَتَعَـلَى اللَّهُ الْمَلِكُ الْحَقُّ

(Then High above all be Allah, the True King.) This means: Most Holy and Majestic is He, the True King, Who is Himself the Truth and His promise is true. Likewise, His threat is true, His Messengers are true, the Paradise is true, the Hellfire is true and everything from Him is true. His justice is that He does not punish anyone before warning them, sending Messengers to them and granting excuses to His creatures, so that no one will have any argument or doubt (on Judgment Day).

The Command to the Prophet to listen to the Qur'an when it is revealed without making haste

Concerning Allah's statement,

وَلاَ تَعْجَلْ بِالْقُرْءانِ مِن قَبْلِ إَن يُقْضَى إِلَيْكَ وَحْيُهُ

(And be not in haste with the Qur'an before its revelation is completed to you,) This is similar to Allah's statement,

لاَ تُحَرِّكْ بِهِ لِسَانَكَ لِتَعْجَلَ بِهِ - إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ وَقُرْءَانَهُ - فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَـهُ فَاتَّبِعْ قُرْءَانَهُ - ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا بَيَانَهُ

(Move not your tongue to make haste therewith. It is for Us to collect it and to give you the ability to recite it. And when We have recited it to you, then follow its recital. Then it is for Us to made it clear (to you).) 75:16-19 It is confirmed in the Sahih on the authority of Ibn `Abbas, who said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to go through great pains to retain the revelation. In doing so he used to move his tongue rapidly with its recital. Then, Allah revealed this Ayah. This means that whenever Jibril would say an Ayah, the Prophet would say it with him due to his eagerness to memorize it. Then, Allah guided him to that which was easier and lighter in this matter, to relieve him of this difficulty. Allah said,

لاَ تُحَرِّكْ بِهِ لِسَانَكَ لِتَعْجَلَ بِهِ - إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ وَقُرْءَانَهُ

(Move not your tongue to make haste therewith. It is for Us to collect it and to give you the ability to recite it.) 75:16-17 Meaning, "We will gather it in your chest, then you will recite it to the people without forgetting anything of it."

فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَـهُ فَاتَّبِعْ قُرْءَانَهُ - ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا بَيَانَهُ

(And when We have recited it to you, then follow its recital. Then it is for Us to made it clear (to you).) 75:18-19 And He said in this Ayah,

وَلاَ تَعْجَلْ بِالْقُرْءانِ مِن قَبْلِ إَن يُقْضَى إِلَيْكَ وَحْيُهُ

(And be not in haste with the Qur'an before its revelation is completed to you,) This is a command to the Prophet to listen quietly: `Then, when the angel (Jibril) completes reciting to you, you recite it after him.'

وَقُل رَّبِّ زِدْنِى عِلْماً

(and say: "My Lord! Increase me in knowledge.") meaning, "Give me more knowledge from You." Ibn `Uyaynah said, "The Prophet did not cease increasing (in knowledge) until Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, took him (i.e. he died)."

Diriwayatkan bahwa Nabi Muhammad saw ketika Jibril membacakan kepadanya beberapa ayat yang diturunkan, dia cepat-cepat membacanya kembali padahal Jibril belum selesai membacakan seluruh ayat yang akan disampaikan pada Nabi. Hal ini karena Nabi takut kalau dia tidak cepat-cepat mengulanginya, mungkin dia lupa dan tidak dapat mengingat kembali. Oleh sebab itu Allah melarangnya bertindak seperti itu, karena tindakan seperti itu mungkin akan lebih mengacaukan hafalannya sebab di waktu dia mengulangi membaca apa yang telah dibacakan kepadanya perhatiannya tertuju kepada pengulangan bacaan itu tidak kepada ayat-ayat selanjutnya yang akan dibacakan jibril padahal Allah menjamin akan memelihara Al-Qur'an dengan sebaik-baiknya, jadi tidak mungkin Nabi Muhammad lupa atau dijadikan Allah lupa kalau dia mendengarkan baik-baik lebih dahulu semua ayat-ayat yang dibacakan Jibril kemudian bila Jibril telah selesai membacakan seluruhnya, barulah Nabi membacanya kembali.

Ayat ini menegaskan bahwa Allah Yang Mahatinggi, Mahabesar amat Luas Ilmu-Nya yang dengan Ilmu-Nya itu Dia mengatur segala sesuatu dan membuat peraturan-peraturan yang sesuai dengan kepentingan makhluk-Nya, tidak terkecuali peraturan-peraturan untuk keselamatan dan kebahagiaan umat manusia. Dialah yang mengutus para nabi dan para rasul dan menurunkan kitab-kitab suci seperti Zabur, Taurat dan Injil serta Dia pulalah yang menurunkan Al-Qur'an kepada Nabi Muhammad saw. Al-Qur'an diturunkan kepada Nabi Muhammad dengan berangsur-angsur bukan sekaligus sesuai dengan hikmah kebijaksanaan-Nya. Kadang-kadang diturunkan hanya beberapa ayat pendek saja atau surah yang pendek pula dan kadang-kadang diturunkan ayat-ayat yang panjang sesuai dengan keperluan dan kebutuhan pada waktu itu.

Mengenai hal ini Allah berfirman:

Jangan engkau (Muhammad) gerakkan lidahmu (untuk membaca Al-Qur'an) karena hendak cepat-cepat (menguasai)nya. Sesungguhnya Kami yang akan mengumpulkannya (di dadamu) dan membacakannya.Apabila Kami telah selesai membacakannya maka ikutilah bacaannya itu. Kemudian sesungguhnya Kami yang akan menjelaskannya. (al-Qiyamah/75: 16-19)

Mengenai jaminan Allah dan terpeliharanya Al-Qur'an tersebut dalam ayat:

Sesungguhnya Kamilah yang menurunkan Al-Qur'an, dan pasti Kami (pula) yang memeliharanya. (al-hijr/15: 9)

Kemudian Allah menyuruh Nabi Muhammad saw agar berdoa supaya Dia memberikan kepadanya tambahan ilmu. Diriwayatkan oleh at-Tirmizi dari Abu Hurairah bahwa Rasulullah berdoa seperti berikut:

Ya Allah. Jadikanlah ilmu yang Engkau ajarkan kepadaku bermanfaat bagiku, ajarkanlah kepadaku ilmu yang berguna untukku dan berikanlah kepadaku tambahan ilmu. Segala puji bagi Allah atas segala hal, aku berlindung kepada Allah dari keadaan dan segala hal yang dilakukan oleh penghuni neraka. (at-Tirmidzi, Ibnu Majah dan al-Bazzar)