Surah Az-Zumar 39:42

إِنَّآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَـبَ

(Verily, We have sent down to you the Book) meaning, the Qur'an.

لِلنَّـاسِ بِالْحَق

(for mankind in truth.) means, for all of creation, mankind and Jinn, so that he may warn them therewith.

فَـمَنِ اهْتَـدَى فَلِنَفْسِهِ

(So, whosoever accepts the guidance, it is only for himself;) means, the benefit of that will return to him.

وَمَن ضَلَّ فَإِنَّمَا يَضِلُّ عَلَيْهَا

(and whosoever goes astray, he goes astray only for his (own) loss.) means, the consequences of that will return to him.

وَمَآ أَنتَ عَلَيْهِم بِوَكِيلٍ

(And you are not a trustee over them. ) means, `you are not responsible for guiding them.'

إِنَّمَآ أَنتَ نَذِيرٌ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ وَكِيلٌ

(But you are only a warner. And Allah is a Trustee over all things) (11:12).

فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ الْبَلَـغُ وَعَلَيْنَا الْحِسَابُ

(your duty is only to convey and on Us is the reckoning) (13:40).

Allah is the One Who causes Death and gives Life

Then Allah tells us that He is in control of all things and does as He wills. He causes men to die (the "greater death") when He sends the angels to take men's souls from their bodies, and He causes them to "die a lesser death" when they sleep. Allah says:

وَهُوَ الَّذِى يَتَوَفَّـكُم بِالَّيْلِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا جَرَحْتُم بِالنَّهَارِ ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُكُمْ فِيهِ لِيُقْضَى أَجَلٌ مّسَمًّى ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ مَرْجِعُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ - وَهُوَ الْقَاهِرُ فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ وَيُرْسِلُ عَلَيْكُم حَفَظَةً حَتَّى إِذَا جَآءَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ تَوَفَّتْهُ رُسُلُنَا وَهُمْ لاَ يُفَرِّطُونَ

(It is He, Who takes your souls by night (when you are asleep), and has knowledge of all that you have done by day, then He raises (wakes) you up again that a term appointed be fulfilled, then (in the end) unto Him will be your return. Then He will inform you of that which you used to do. He is the Irresistible, over His servants, and He sends guardians (angels guarding and writing all of one's good and bad deeds) over you, until when death approaches one of you, Our messengers (angels) take his soul, and they never neglect their duty.)(6:60-61). Here Allah mentions the two deaths, the lesser death then the greater death after it; in the Ayah above (39: 42), He mentions the greater then the lesser. Allah says:

اللَّهُ يَتَوَفَّى الاٌّنفُسَ حِينَ مِوْتِـهَا وَالَّتِى لَمْ تَمُتْ فِى مَنَامِـهَا فَيُمْسِكُ الَّتِى قَضَى عَلَيْهَا الْمَوْتَ وَيُرْسِلُ الاٍّخْرَى إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى

(It is Allah Who takes away the souls at the time of their death, and those that die not during their sleep. He keeps those (souls) for which He has ordained death and sends the rest for a term appointed.) This indicates that they the souls meet in the higher realm, as was stated in the Hadith attributed to the Prophet which was narrated by Ibn Mandah and others. In the Two Sahihs of Al-Bukhari and Muslim, it is reported that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

«إِذَا أَوَى أَحَدُكُمْ إِلى فِرَاشِهِ فَلْيَنْفُضْهُ بِدَاخِلَةِ إِزَارِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَدْرِي مَا خَلَفَهُ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ لِيَقُلْ: بِاسْمِكَ رَبِّي وَضَعْتُ جَنْبِي، وَبِكَ أَرْفَعُهُ، إِنْ أَمْسَكْتَ نَفْسِي فَارْحَمْهَا، وَإِنْ أَرْسَلْتَهَا فَاحْفَظْهَا بِمَا تَحْفَظُ بِهِ عِبَادَكَ الصَّالِحِين»

(When anyone of you goes to bed, let him brush down the bed with his garment, for he does not know what has come on his bed since he left it. Then let him say, "In Your Name, O Lord, I lay down my side and in Your Name I raise it up; if You take my soul, have mercy on it, and if You send it back, protect it with that which You protect Your righteous servants.")

فَيُمْسِكُ الَّتِى قَضَى عَلَيْهَا الْمَوْتَ

(He keeps those (souls) for which He has ordained death) means, those which have died, and He returns the others back for an appointed term. As-Suddi said, "For the rest of their lives." Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "He keeps the souls of the dead and sends back the souls of the living, and He does not make any mistakes.

إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَـتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ

(Verily, in this are signs for a people who think deeply.)

Pada ayat ini, Allah menerangkan satu macam kekuasaan-Nya yang sempurna dan sifat-Nya yang mengagumkan. Yaitu Dialah yang memegang roh manusia ketika tiba ajalnya dengan memutuskan hubungan roh dengan raganya dan memegang roh orang itu pada lahirnya saja sehingga tidak dapat mengemudikan raganya, akan tetapi hubungan di antaranya tetap masih ada. Allah menahan jiwa orang yang telah Dia tetapkan kematiannya dengan tidak mengembalikan roh itu, dan melepaskan jiwa yang lain dengan mengembalikan jiwa ke dalam raganya, sehingga ia dapat bangun dari tidurnya sampai kepada waktu yang ditentukan. Orang yang mati itu rohnya ditahan Allah sehingga tidak dapat kembali kepada tubuhnya dan orang yang belum mati hanya tidur saja, rohnya dilepaskan sehingga dapat kembali ke raganya lagi.

Diriwayatkan dari Ibnu 'Abbas bahwa dalam tubuh manusia itu ada jiwa dan roh yang hubungannya seperti sinar matahari. Akal dan jiwa dapat berpikir dan menentukan pilihan, sedang rohnya yang menyebabkan ia dapat hidup dan bergerak. Kedua-duanya dimatikan ketika tiba ajalnya, dan dimatikan jiwanya saja ketika ia tidur, sedang rohnya tetap masih ada.

Imam al-Bukhari dan Muslim meriwayatkan sebuah hadis dari Abu Hurairah yang berbunyi:

Rasulullah saw bersabda, "Jika salah seorang di antara kamu akan tidur, maka hendaklah ia meniupkan ke dalam pakaiannya di sebelah dalam, karena ia tidak mengetahui apa yang tertinggal di dalamnya, kemudian hendaklah ia mengucapkan, "Ya Tuhanku dengan nama-Mu aku meletakkan lambungku ini, dan dengan nama-Mu pula aku mengangkatnya. Jika Engkau menahan jiwaku maka sayangilah dia, dan jika Engkau melepaskannya kembali, maka peliharalah dia seperti Engkau memelihara orang-orang yang saleh." (Riwayat al-Bukhari dan Muslim)

Imam al-Bukhari, A.hmad, Abu Dawud, dan Ibnu Abi Syaibah meriwayatkan sebuah hadis dari Abu Qatadah. yang berbunyi:

Sesungguhnya Nabi saw bersabda kepada para sahabat pada malam (ketika tidur)di lembah, "Sesungguhnya Allah menahan roh kamu bila dikehendaki-Nya, dan mengembalikannya bila dikehendaki-Nya."