Surah 55 · 55:19
Surah Ar-Rahman 55:19
Ar-Rahman · The Beneficent
مَرَجَ
Maraja albahrayni yaltaqiyan
He released the two seas, meeting [one another];
Dia membiarkan dua laut mengalir yang (kemudian) keduanya bertemu,
Tafsir
Ibn Kathir (Abridged)
The Creation of Humans and Jinns
Allah mentions that He created mankind from clay, like that used in pottery, and created the Jinns from the tip of the flame of a smokeless fire. This was said by Ad-Dahhak from Ibn `Abbas. It was also said by `Ikrimah, Mujahid, Al-Hasan and Ibn Zayd. Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, "From the best part of the fire, from its smokeless flame." Imam Ahmad recorded that `A'ishah said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said,
«خُلِقَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ مِنْ نُورٍ، وَخُلِقَ الْجَانُّ مِنْ مَارِجٍ مِنْ نَارٍ، وَخُلِقَ آدَمُ مِمَّا وُصِفَ لَكُم»
(The angels were created from light, the Jinns from a smokeless flame of fire, and `Adam from what was described to you.) Muslim also collected this Hadith. Allah's statement:
فَبِأَىِّ ءَالاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
(Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny) was explained above.
Allah is the Lord of the Two Easts and the Two Wests
Allah said,
رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ الْمَغْرِبَيْنِ
((He is) the Lord of the two easts and the Lord of the two wests.) meaning the sunrise of summer and winter and the sunset of summer and winter. Allah said in another Ayah,
فَلاَ أُقْسِمُ بِرَبِّ الْمَشَـرِقِ وَالْمَغَـرِبِ
(So, I swear by the Lord of all the points of sunrise and sunset in the east and the west.)(70:40), referring to the different places from which the sun rises and then sets on people every day. Allah said in another Ayah,
رَّبُّ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ لاَ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ فَاتَّخِذْهُ وَكِيلاً
(The Lord of the east and the west; none has the right to be worshipped but He. So take Him alone as a trustee.)(73:9), referring to the different places of sunrise and sunset and the benefits that this variation brings to the created, mankind and Jinns,
فَبِأَىِّ ءَالاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
(Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny)
Allah created Different Types of Water
Allah said,
مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ يَلْتَقِيَانِ
(He has Maraja the two seas), or let them loose, according to Ibn `Abbas. Allah's statement,
يَلْتَقِيَانِ
(meeting together.) Ibn Zayd said, "He prevents them from meeting by the dividing barrier He placed between them to separate them." The two seas are the fresh and salty waters, the former coming from running rivers. We discussed this topic in Surat Al-Furqan when explaining Allah's statement;
وَهُوَ الَّذِى مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ هَـذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وَهَـذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخاً وَحِجْراً مَّحْجُوراً
(And it is He Who has let free the two seas: one palatable and sweet, and the other salty and bitter; and He has set a barrier and a complete partition between them.)(25:53) Allah said,
بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخٌ لاَّ يَبْغِيَانِ
(Between them is a barrier which none of them can transgress.) meaning, He has placed a barrier of land between these two types of waters, so that they do not transgress upon each other, which would spoil the characteristics they were created with. Allah said,
يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُمَا الُّلؤْلُؤُ وَالمَرْجَانُ
(Out of them both come out pearls and Al-Marjan. ) pearls are well-known. As for Marjan they say it means small pearls. Mujahid, Qatadah, Abu Ruzayn, Ad-Dahhak said it, and it has also been reported from `Ali. It was also said that it means large, precious pearls, this was mentioned by Ibn Jarir from some of the Salaf. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Ibn `Abbas who said, "When it rains, the oysters in the sea open their mouths. What falls in them, the drops, turns into pearls." Its chain of narrators is Sahih. Since this type of adornment is a favor from Allah to the people of earth, He reminded them of it,
فَبِأَىِّ ءَالاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
(Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny) Allah said,
وَلَهُ الْجَوَارِ الْمُنشَئَاتُ
(And His are Al-Jawar Al-Munsha'at), meaning the ships that float,
فِى الْبَحْرِ
(in the seas), Mujahid said, "Whatever ship hoists a sail, it is from Munsha'at, if it does not hoist a sail, it is not from the Munsha'at." Qatadah said, "Al-Munsha'at means created." Others said that it is Al-Munshi'at meaning, "launched."
كَالاٌّعْلَـمِ
(like A`lam.) This means, they are like mountains with their great size, and it also refers to the trade and commercial services they make possible, transporting cargo from one area to another and from one province to another. Ships provide various benefits for people, including transporting different types of goods they need. Therefore,
فَبِأَىِّ ءَالاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
(Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny)
كُلُّ مَنْ عَلَيْهَا فَانٍ - وَيَبْقَى وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو الْجَلْـلِ وَالإِكْرَامِ فَبِأَىِّ ءَالاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
Tafsir Kemenag RI
Ayat-ayat ini menerangkan bahwa Allah mengalirkan air yang asin dari air yang tawar berdekatan yang kemudian berkumpul menjadi satu, masing-masing tidak mempengaruhi yang lain, yang asin tidak mempengaruhi yang tawar sehingga yang tawar menjadi asin dan yang asin menjadi tawar. Allah telah membatasi di antara keduanya dengan batas yang telah diciptakan dengan kekuasaan-Nya atau dibatasinya dengan batas yang berupa tanah. Firman Allah:
Dan Dialah yang membiarkan dua laut mengalir (berdampingan); yang ini tawar dan segar dan yang lain sangat asin lagi pahit; dan Dia jadikan antara keduanya dinding dan batas yang tidak tembus. (al-Furqan/25: 53)
Peristiwa di atas dapat dilihat seperti sungai-sungai yang mengalir dari gunung-gunung yang akhirnya masuk ke dalam laut dan rasanya menjadi asin sedang air sungainya tetap tawar. Menurut kajian ilmiah, laut mempunyai sifat fisika dan kimia yang tidak homogen. Ketidak homogenan ini yang menyebabkan laut bergerak dinamis. Proses yang memicu pergerakan ini sangat kompleks dan melibatkan tenaga dari luar seperti angin, rotasi bumi, topografi dasar laut maupun hubungan satu sama lain antar laut. Distribusi rapat massa yang tergantung pada tingkat kegaraman, temperatur dan tekanan udara juga mempunyai peranan penting. Aliran arus permukaan yang hangat dari kawasan tropis mengalir melintasi khatulistiwa menuju Lautan Atlantik Utara dan Laut Norwegia, untuk kemudian mengalami pendinginan. Akibat pendinginan ini terjadi peningkatan rapat massa dan laut bergerak ke bawah sebagai aliran arus bawah dan bergerak menuju Lautan Atlantik Selatan, Lautan Hindia dan menuju Lautan Pasifik. Gerakan aliran arus bawah ini dikenal sebagai pola sirkulasi thermohalin yang gerakannya sering diidentikan dengan conveyor belt yang menggerakan air, temperatur dan sifat-sifat lainnya dan materimateri di lautan. Apa yang digambarkan di atas adalah gambaran global mengenai pergerakan arus laut. Dalam kenyataannya pergerakan arus laut adalah lebih kompleks. Sebagai contoh adalah apa yang digambarkan oleh Djamil (2004) yang menyebutkan bahwa di bawah garis khatulistiwa di Lautan Pasifik, Atlantik dan Lautan Hindia terdapat arus yang bergerak melawan arus permukaannya dan dikenal sebagai Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent atau disebut juga sebagai Cromwell Current. Arus ini bergerak ke timur, yang menentang arus Pacific South Equatorial Current yang bergerak ke barat. Arus yang mempunyai ketebalan 150 m dan panjang 402 km, dan batas atasnya antara 42-91 m, selalu bergerak di bawah khatulistiwa. Air laut yang bergerak dalam aliran arus Cromwell ini yang bergerak ke timur menentang aliran arus ke barat dan antar keduanya terdapat batas. Batas antara dua lautan ini tidak hanya sebatas wilayah yang disebutkan di atas tetapi juga di temui di Selat Gibraltar, maupun di sebelah timur Jepang. (
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Word by word
مَرَجَ
maraja
He released
ٱلۡبَحۡرَيۡنِ
l-baḥrayni
the two seas
يَلۡتَقِيَانِ
yaltaqiyāni
meeting