Surah An-Naml 27:15

Dawud and Sulayman (peace be upon them), the organization of Sulayman's Troops and His passage through the Valley of the Ants

Here Allah tells us about the great blessings and favors which He bestowed upon two of His servants and Prophets, Dawud (David) and his son Sulayman (Solomon), peace be upon them both, and how they enjoyed happiness in this world and the Hereafter, power and authority in this world, and the position of being Prophets and Messengers. Allah says:

وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ وَسُلَيْمَـنَ عِلْماً وَقَالاَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِى فَضَّلَنَا عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِّنْ عِبَادِهِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

(And indeed We gave knowledge to Dawud and Sulayman, and they both said: "All the praises and thanks be to Allah, Who has preferred us above many of His believing servants!")

وَوَرِثَ سُلَيْمَـنُ دَاوُودَ

(And Sulayman inherited from Dawud.) means, in kingship and prophethood. What is meant here is not wealth, because if that were the case, Sulayman would not have been singled out from among the sons of Dawud, as Dawud had one hundred wives. Rather what is meant is the inheritance of kingship and prophethood, for the wealth of the Prophets cannot be inherited, as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

«نَحْنُ مَعَاشِرَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ فَهُوَ صَدَقَة»

(We Prophets cannot be inherited from; whatever we leave behind is charity.) And Sulayman said:

يأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ عُلِّمْنَا مَنطِقَ الطَّيْرِ وَأُوتِينَا مِن كُلِّ شَىْءٍ

(O mankind! We have been taught the language of birds, and we have been given from everything.) Here Sulayman was speaking of the blessings that Allah bestowed upon him, by giving him complete authority and power, whereby mankind, the Jinn and the birds were subjugated to him. He also knew the language of the birds and animals, which is something that had never been given to any other human being -- as far as we know from what Allah and His Messenger told us. Allah enabled Sulayman to understand what the birds said to one another as they flew through the air, and what the different kinds of animals said. Sulayman said:

عُلِّمْنَا مَنطِقَ الطَّيْرِ وَأُوتِينَا مِن كُلِّ شَىْءٍ

(We have been taught the language of birds, and we have been given from everything.) i.e., all things that a king needs.

إِنَّ هَـذَا لَهُوَ الْفَضْلُ الْمُبِينُ

(This, verily, is an evident grace.) means, `this is clearly the blessings of Allah upon us.'

وَحُشِرَ لِسْلَيْمَـنَ جُنُودُهُ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالإِنْس وَالطَّيْرِ فَهُمْ يُوزَعُونَ

(And there were gathered before Sulayman his hosts of Jinn and men, and birds, and they all were set in battle order.) means, all of Sulayman's troops of Jinn, men and birds were gathered together, and he rode with them in a display of might and glory, with people marching behind him, followed by the Jinn, and the birds flying above his head. When it was hot, they would shade him with their wings.

فَهُمْ يُوزَعُونَ

(and they all were set in battle order.) The first and the last of them were brought together, so that none of them would step out of place. Mujahid said: "Officials were appointed to keep each group in order, and to keep the first and the last together so that no one would step out of line -- just as kings do nowadays."

حَتَّى إِذَآ أَتَوْا عَلَى وَادِى النَّمْلِ

(Till, when they came to the valley of the ants,) meaning, when Sulayman, the soldiers and the army with him crossed the valley of the ants,

قَالَتْ نَمْلَةٌ يأَيُّهَا النَّمْلُ ادْخُلُواْ مَسَـكِنَكُمْ لاَ يَحْطِمَنَّكُمْ سُلَيْمَـنُ وَجُنُودُهُ وَهُمْ لاَ يَشْعُرُونَ

(one of the ants said: "O ants! Enter your dwellings, lest Sulayman and his armies should crush you, while they perceive not.") Sulayman, peace be upon him, understood what the ant said,

فَتَبَسَّمَ ضَـحِكاً مِّن قَوْلِهَا وَقَالَ رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِى أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ الَّتِى أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَىَّ وَعَلَى وَالِدَىَّ وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ صَـلِحاً تَرْضَـهُ

(So he smiled, amused at her speech and said: "My Lord! Grant me the power and ability that I may be grateful for Your favors which You have bestowed on me and on my parents, and that I may do righteous good deeds that will please You, ) meaning: `inspire me to give thanks for the blessings that You have bestowed upon me by teaching me to understand what the birds and animals say, and the blessings that You have bestowed upon my parents by making them Muslims who believe in You.'

وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ صَـلِحاً تَرْضَـهُ

(and that I may do righteous good deeds that will please You,) means, `deeds that You love which will earn Your pleasure.'

وَأَدْخِلْنِى بِرَحْمَتِكَ فِى عِبَادِكَ الصَّـلِحِينَ

(and admit me by Your mercy among Your righteous servants.) means, `when You cause me to die, then join me with the righteous among Your servants, and the Higher Companion among Your close friends.'

Ayat ini menerangkan bahwa Allah telah menganugerahkan kepada Nabi Daud dan Nabi Sulaiman (putra Nabi Daud) ilmu pengetahuan, baik yang berhubungan dengan pengetahuan tentang Tuhan dan syariat-syariatnya, maupun yang berhubungan dengan pengetahuan umum, seperti kemampuan dan bakat memimpin dan mengatur bangsanya. Kedua nabi ini tidak saja memiliki pengetahuan, tetapi juga mengamalkannya dengan baik. Dengan demikian, ilmu pengetahuan yang dipunyai oleh masing-masing nabi itu tidak hanya berfaedah bagi dirinya sendiri, tetapi juga bagi masyarakat dan umatnya di dunia dan di akhirat kelak.

Karena memperoleh nikmat yang tidak terhingga dari Allah, keduanya mensyukuri nikmat tersebut dengan mengucapkan:

Segala puji bagi Allah yang telah melebihkan kami dari kebanyakan hamba-hamba yang beriman.

Sikap bersyukur Nabi Daud dan Nabi Sulaiman dalam menerima nikmat Allah itu merupakan sikap yang terpuji. Oleh karena itu, para ulama menganjurkan agar kaum Muslimin meneladani sikap tersebut. Mensyukuri nikmat berarti hamba yang menerima nikmat itu benar-benar merasakan bahwa yang diterimanya itu merupakan pernyataan kasih sayang Allah kepadanya dan merasa bahwa ia memang memerlukan nikmat Allah itu. Tanpa nikmat itu, ia tidak akan hidup dan merasakan kebahagiaan. Allah berfirman:

Dan (ingatlah) ketika Tuhanmu memaklumkan, "Sesungguhnya jika kamu bersyukur, niscaya Aku akan menambah (nikmat) kepadamu, tetapi jika kamu mengingkari (nikmat-Ku), maka pasti azab-Ku sangat berat." (Ibrahim/14: 7).

Allah mengangkat Nabi Daud sebagai seorang kepala negara dan rasul Allah. Sebagai kepala negara, Allah menganugerahkan kepada Nabi Daud segala macam ilmu yang diperlukan. Di antara keutamaan dan ilmu yang dikaruniakan itu ialah:

1. Allah menundukkan gunung dan burung kepada Daud. Gunung dan burung itu bertasbih bersama Daud pagi dan petang. Allah berfirman:

Sungguh, Kamilah yang menundukkan gunung-gunung untuk bertasbih bersama dia (Daud) pada waktu petang dan pagi, dan (Kami tundukkan pula) burung-burung dalam keadaan terkumpul. Masing-masing sangat taat (kepada Allah). (sad/38: 18-19).

2. Allah menganugerahkan kepada Daud pengetahuan melunakkan besi, sehingga ia dapat membuat baju besi dan keperluan lain, untuk memperkuat pemerintahan dan kerasulannya. Allah berfirman:

... dan Kami telah melunakkan besi untuknya. (Saba'/34: 10).

3. Allah telah menguatkan kerajaan Daud dan menganugerahinya hikmah dan kebijaksanaan, sehingga ia dapat menyelesaikan dengan mudah perselisihan dan perkara yang diajukan kepadanya. Allah berfirman:

Dan Kami kuatkan kerajaannya dan Kami berikan hikmah kepadanya serta kebijaksanaan dalam memutuskan perkara. (sad/38: 20).

Menurut al-Baidhawi, yang dimaksud dengan firman Allah, "Dan Kami perkuat kerajaannya" ialah, "Kami (Allah) telah memperkuatnya dengan kekebalan, memenangkan peperangan, dan banyak mempunyai tentara.

4. Allah menurunkan kepadanya kitab Zabur, sehingga beliau termasuk salah seorang dari empat orang rasul yang diturunkan kitab kepadanya. Allah berfirman:

"... Dan sungguh, Kami telah memberikan kelebihan kepada sebagian nabi-nabi atas sebagian (yang lain), dan Kami berikan Zabur kepada Daud." (al-Isra'/17: 55).

5. Allah memberikan kesanggupan kepadanya memahami pembicaraan burung, sebagaimana yang diterangkan pada ayat berikut.