Surah An-Najm 53:32

Allah knows Every Matter, whether Small or Big, and He rewards Each according to His or Her Deeds

Allah asserts that He is the King and Owner of the heavens and earth and that He is independent of the need for anyone. He is the authority over His creation and rules them with justice. He created the creation in truth,

لِيَجْزِىَ الَّذِينَ أَسَاءُواْ بِمَا عَمِلُواْ وَيِجْزِى الَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُواْ بِالْحُسْنَى

(that He may requite those who do evil with that which they have done, and reward those who do good, with what is best.) He recompenses each according to his or her deeds, good for good and evil for evil.

Qualities of the Good-doers; Allah forgives the Small Faults

Allah stated that the gooddoers are those who avoid major sins and immoral sins. They sometimes commit minor sins, but they will be forgiven these minor sins and covered from exposure, as Allah mentioned in another Ayah;

إِن تَجْتَنِبُواْ كَبَآئِرَ مَا تُنهَوْنَ عَنْهُ نُكَفِّرْ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئَـتِكُمْ وَنُدْخِلْكُمْ مُّدْخَلاً كَرِيماً

(If you avoid the great sins which you are forbidden to do, We shall expiate from you your (small) sins, and admit you to a Noble Entrance.)(4:31) Allah said here,

الَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَـئِرَ الإِثْمِ وَالْفَوَحِشَ إِلاَّ اللَّمَمَ

(Those who avoid great sins and Al-Fawahish (immoral sins) except Al-Lamam), Al-Lamam means, small faults and minor errors. Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "I have not seen anything that resembles Al-Lamam better than the Hadith that Abu Hurayrah narrated from the Prophet ,

«إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى كَتَبَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ حَظَّهُ مِنَ الزِّنَا، أَدْرَكَ ذلِكَ لَا مَحَالَةَ، فَزِنَا الْعَيْنِ النَّظَرُ، وَزِنَا اللِّسَانِ النُّطْقُ، وَالنَّفْسُ تَتَمَنَّى وَتَشْتَهِي، وَالْفَرْجُ يُصِدِّقُ ذلِكَ أَوْ يُكَذِّبُه»

(Verily, Allah the Exalted has decreed for the Son of Adam his share of Zina and he will certainly earn his share. The Zina of the eye is by looking, the Zina of the tongue is by talking and the heart wishes and lusts, but the sexual organ either substantiates all this or not.)" This Hadith is recorded in the Two Sahihs. Ibn Jarir recorded that Ibn Mas`ud said, "The eyes commit Zina by looking, the lips by kissing, the hands by transgressing, the feet by walking, and the sexual organ either materializes all of this or not. When one commits sexual intercourse, he will be someone who committed Zina. Otherwise, it is Al-Lamam." Masruq and Ash-Sha`bi also held the same view. `Abdur-Rahman bin Nafi`, who is also known as Ibn Lubabah At-Ta'ifi, said, "I asked Abu Hurayrah about Allah's statement,

إِلاَّ اللَّمَمَ

(except the Lamam), and he said, `It pertains to kissing, winking one's eye, looking and embracing. When the sexual organ meets the sexual organ in intercourse then Ghusl is obligatory, and that is Zina."

Encouraging Repentance and forbidding Claims of Purity for Oneself

Allah's statement,

إِنَّ رَبَّكَ وَسِعُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ

(verily, your Lord is of vast forgiveness.) asserts that His Mercy encompasses everything, and His forgiveness entails every type of sin, if one repents,

قُلْ يعِبَادِىَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُواْ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ لاَ تَقْنَطُواْ مِن رَّحْمَةِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ جَمِيعاً إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ

(Say: "O My servants who have transgressed against them- selves! Despair not of the mercy of Allah: verily, Allah forgives all sins. Truly, He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.") (39:53) Allah said,

هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ إِذْ أَنشَأَكُمْ مِّنَ الاٌّرْضِ

(He knows you well when He created you from the earth,) Allah says, `He was and still is the All-Knowing Whose knowledge encompasses your affairs, statements and all of the actions that will be committed by you, even when He created your father `Adam from the earth and took his offspring from his loin, as small as ants. He then divided them into two groups, a group destined for Paradise and a group to Hellfire,'

وَإِذْ أَنتُمْ أَجِنَّةٌ فِى بُطُونِ أُمَّهَـتِكُمْ

(and when you were fetuses in your mothers' wombs.) when He commanded the angel to record one's provisions, age, actions and if he would be among the miserable or the happy. Allah said,

فَلاَ تُزَكُّواْ أَنفُسَكُمْ

(So, ascribe not purity to yourselves.) forbidding one from ascribing purity and praising himself and thinking highly of his actions,

هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنِ اتَّقَى

(He knows best him who has Taqwa.) Allah said in another Ayah,

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يُزَكُّونَ أَنفُسَهُمْ بَلِ اللَّهُ يُزَكِّى مَن يَشَآءُ وَلاَ يُظْلَمُونَ فَتِيلاً

(Have you not seen those who claim sanctity for themselves. Nay, but Allah sanctifies whom He wills, and they will not be dealt with unjustly, even equal to the extent of a Fatil.) (4:49) In his Sahih, Muslim recorded that Muhammad bin `Amr bin `Ata said, "I called my daughter, Barrah (the pious one), and Zaynab bint Abu Salamah said to me, `The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade using this name. I was originally called Barrah and he said,

«لَا تُزَكُّوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ، إِنَّ اللهَ أَعْلَمُ بِأَهْلِ الْبِرِّ مِنْكُم»

(Do not ascribe purity to yourselves; Allah knows best who the pious people among you are)' They said, `What should we call her' He said,

«سَمُّوهَا زَيْنَب»

(Call her Zaynab.)" Imam Ahmad recorded a Hadith from `Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakrah, from his father who said, "A man praised another man before the Prophet . The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«وَيْلَكَ قَطَعْتَ عُنُقَ صَاحِبِكَ مرارًا إِذَا كَانَ أَحَدُكُمْ مَادِحًا صَاحِبَهُ لَا مَحَالَةَ، فَلْيَقُلْ: أَحْسِبُ فُلَانًا وَاللهُ حَسِيبُهُ، وَلَا أُزَكِّي عَلَى اللهِ أَحَدًا، أَحْسِبُهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا، إِنْ كَانَ يَعْلَمُ ذلِك»

(Woe to you, you have cut off the neck of your friend! (He repeated this) If one of you must praise a friend of his, let him say, "I think that so-and-so is this and that; Allah knows best about him and I will never purify anyone before Allah," if he knows his friend to be as he is describing him.)" Al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah collected this Hadith. Imam Ahmad recorded that Hammam bin Al-Harith said, "A man came before `Uthman bin `Affan and praised him. Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad started throwing sand in the face of that man, saying, `The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered us to throw sand in their faces when we see those who praise."' Muslim and Abu Dawud also collected this Hadith.

Ayat ini menerangkan sifat-sifat orang yang baik itu, ialah mereka yang menjauhkan dirinya dari dosa-dosa besar seperti syirik, membunuh, berzina, dan lain-lain, meskipun mereka melakukan dosa-dosa kecil yang kemudian disadari sehingga mereka segera bertaubat sambil menyesali perbuatan-perbuatan yang mereka lakukan, mereka juga mengimbanginya dengan melakukan banyak perbuatan yang baik karena perbuatan yang baik itu menghapuskan dosa-dosa kecil. Sebagaimana firman Allah:

Perbuatan-perbuatan baik itu menghapus kesalahan-kesalahan. (Hud/11: 114)

Jika kamu menjauhi dosa-dosa besar di antara dosa-dosa yang dilarang mengerjakannya, niscaya Kami hapus kesalahankesalahanmu dan akan Kami masukkan kamu ke tempat yang mulia (surga). (an-Nisa'/4: 31)

Dosa-dosa besar itu ada tujuh, Sayidina 'Ali "Karramallahu Wajhah" mengatakan bahwa sebagaimana tersebut dalam Sahih alBukhari dan Muslim: Jauhilah tujuh dosa besar yang menghancurkan. Para sahabat bertanya, "Apakah hal itu? Nabi menjawab, mempersekutukan Allah, sihir, membunuh manusia yang diharamkan Allah kecuali dengan hak, memakan harta anak yatim, memakan riba, lari dari perang yang sedang berkecamuk dan menuduh wanita-wanita muhsanat, gafilat mu'minat. (Riwayat al-Bukhari dan Muslim dari Abu Hurairah) Ada pula yang menyatakan, "Dosa-dosa besar adalah dosa-dosa yang diancam oleh Allah dengan neraka atau dengan amarah-Nya atau dengan laknat, azab atau mewajibkan had atau hukuman tertentu di dunia seperti qisas potong tangan, rajam dan lain-lain karena yang melakukannya tidak merasa khawatir dan tidak meyesal atas tindakannya itu, padahal tindakannya itu menyebabkan kerusakan besar, walaupun menurut pandangan manusia merupakan hal kecil." Selanjutnya, ayat 32 ini menegaskan bahwa Allah Mahaluas ampunan-Nya, dan Dia akan mengampuni dosa-dosa kecil jika menjauhi dosa besar dan Dia mengampuni dosa-dosa besar bila pelakunya bertobat, serta diiringi penyesalan atas perbuatannya, tapi tidak putus asa terhadap pengampunan Allah. Allah berfirman:

Katakanlah, "Wahai hamba-hamba-Ku yang melampaui batas terhadap diri mereka sendiri! Janganlah kamu berputus asa dari rahmat Allah. Sesungguhnya Allah mengampuni dosa-dosa semuanya. Sungguh, Dialah Yang Maha Pengampun, Maha Penyayang. (azZumar/39: 53)

Ayat selanjutnya menjelaskan bahwa Allah swt lebih mengetahui keadaan, perbuatan, dan ucapan manusia dikala Dia menjadikan manusia dari tanah dan dikala Dia membentuk rupanya dalam rahim ibunya, dari satu tahap ke tahap yang lainnya. Maka janganlah ada yang mengatakan dirinya suci. Allahlah yang paling mengetahui tentang orang yang bertakwa. Bila kamu sadari yang demikian itu, maka janganlah kamu memuji dirinya dengan suci dari dosa atau suci dari perbuatan maksiat atau banyak melakukan kebaikan, tetapi hendaklah manusia banyak bersyukur kepada Allah atas limpahan karunia dan ampunan-Nya. Allah Maha Mengetahui siapa yang bersih dari kejahatan dan siapa yang menjerumuskan dirinya dalam kejahatan dan melumurkan dirinya dengan dosa. Sesungguhnya larangan menyucikan diri hanya berlaku bila yang mendorong seseorang untuk itu adalah riya', takabur atau bangga. Selain dari sebab di atas, maka menyucikan diri tidak terlarang, bahkan dianjurkan. Dalam ayat lain Allah berfirman: Tidakkah engkau memperhatikan orang-orang yang menganggap dirinya suci (orang Yahudi dan Nasrani)? Sebenarnya Allah menyucikan siapa yang Dia kehendaki dan mereka tidak dizalimi sedikit pun. (an-Nisa'/4: 49)