Surah Al-Jathiyah 45:14

The Subjugation of the Sea, etc., is among Allah's Signs

Allah the Exalted mentions some of the favors He gave to His servants, such as subjecting the sea for their service,

(that ships may sail through the sea by His command,) i.e., of Allah the Exalted, Who ordered the sea to carry ships,

(and that you may seek of His bounty,) in commercial and business transactions,

(and that you may be thankful.) for earning various provisions brought to you from far away provinces and distant areas through the sea. Allah the Exalted said,

(And has subjected to you all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth;) the stars, the mountains, the seas, the rivers and all that you use for your benefit; these are all from His favor, kindness and bounty. Allah's statement next,

(it is all from Him.) Alone without partners in giving any of it. Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,

(And whatever of blessings you have, it is from Allah. Then, when harm touches you unto Him you cry aloud for help.) (16:53) Ibn Jarir recorded that Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said about Allah's statement,

(And has subjected to you all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth; it is all from Him.) "Everything is from Allah, and that is a Name from His Names. So it all comes from Him without rivals to dispute His authority; surely, this fact is completely certain." Allah said.

(Verily, in it are signs for a people who think deeply.)

The Command to be Patient with the Harm of Idolators

Allah's saying;

(Say to the believers to forgive those who hope not for the Days of Allah,) means, let the believers forgive the disbelievers and endure the harm that they direct against them. In the beginning of Islam, Muslims were ordered to observe patience in the face of the oppression of the idolators and the People of the Scriptures so that their hearts may incline towards Islam. However, when the disbelievers persisted in stubbornness, Allah legislated for the believers to fight in Jihad. Statements of this meaning were collected from `Abdullah bin `Abbas and Qatadah. Mujahid said about Allah's statement,

(those who hope not for the Days of Allah,) "They do not appreciate Allah's favors." Allah said,

(that He may recompense people, according to what they have earned.) meaning, if the believers forgive the disbelievers in this life, Allah will still punish the disbelievers for their evil in the Hereafter. Allah's statement next,

(Whosoever does a good deed, it is for himself, and whosoever does evil, it is against (himself). Then to your Lord you will be made to return.) meaning, you will all return to Allah on the Day of Resurrection, when you and your actions will be displayed before Him. Then, He will recompense you for your deeds, good for good and evil for evil.

Al-Wahidi dan al-Qusyairi meriwayatkan dari Ibnu 'Abbas bahwa ayat ini turun berhubungan dengan persoalan yang terjadi antara 'Umar bin al-Khaththab dan Abdullah bin Ubay dalam peperangan Bani Musthalik. Mereka singgah di sebuah sumur yang disebut Al-Muraisi', kemudian Abdullah mengutus seorang anak muda mengambil air, tetapi pemuda itu lama sekali kembali, Abdullah bin Ubay bertanya kepada pemuda itu mengapa begitu lama ia baru kembali. Pemuda itu menjawab bahwa Umar duduk di pinggir sumur. Ia tidak membiarkan seorang pun mengambil air sebelum ia mengisi girbai (tempat air dari kulit) Nabi Muhammad saw, girbai Abu Bakar, dan girbai bekas budak Umar, lalu Abdullah bin Ubay berkata, "Kami dan mereka tidak ubahnya seperti perumpamaan: Gemukkan anjingmu, maka ia akan memakan engkau." Kemudian kata-kata Abdullah itu sampai kepada Umar. Beliau menjadi marah, lalu menghunus pedangnya untuk membunuh Abdullah bin Ubay, maka turunlah ayat ini yang melunakkan hati Umar.

Selanjutnya Allah memerintahkan kepada Rasulullah saw dan para pengikutnya agar berlapang dada dalam menghadapi sikap kaum musyrikin dan memaafkan tindakan mereka yang memperolok-olokkan ayat-ayat Allah. Mereka adalah orang yang menentang Allah dan tidak takut kepada ancaman-Nya.

Dari ayat ini dipahami nilai budi pekerti yang tinggi yang diajarkan agama Islam kepada penganutnya yaitu berlapang dada dan memaafkan orang-orang yang pernah bertindak tidak baik terhadap dirinya atau berusaha menghancurkan agamanya. Memaafkan kesalahan keluarga, teman sejawat, tetangga dan kenalan dapat dengan mudah dilakukan seseorang, tetapi berlapang dada dan memaafkan perbuatan orang yang selalu ingin merusak diri dan agamanya pada setiap kesempatan memerlukan kebesaran jiwa.

Ayat ini mengajarkan dan mendidik kaum Muslimin agar dapat berlapang dada, suka memaafkan, dan berjiwa besar dalam menghadapi segala sesuatu dalam hidupnya.

Pada akhir ayat ini Allah menerangkan mengapa Rasulullah saw dan pengikut-pengikutnya harus berlapang dada dan memaafkan tindakan orang Quraisy yang memperolok-olok ayat-ayat Allah itu. Sebabnya ialah karena Allah yang akan memberikan pembalasan yang setimpal kepada mereka sesuai dengan perbuatannya.