Surah Al-Hashr 59:19

The Command to have Taqwa and to prepare for the Day of Resurrection

Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Mundhir bin Jarir narrated that his father said, "While we were in the company of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the early hours of the morning, some people came there who were barefooted, naked, wearing striped woolen clothes, or cloaks, with their swords hung (around their necks). Most of them, nay, all of them, belonged to the tribe of Mudar. The color of the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ underwent a change when he saw them in poverty. He then entered (his house) and came out and commanded Bilal to pronounce Adhan. Bilal pronounced Adhan and Iqamah, and the Prophet led the prayer. He then addressed them, first reciting,

يَـأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُواْ رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ مِّن نَّفْسٍ وَحِدَةٍ

(O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord, Who created you from a single person... ) (4:1), until the end of the Ayah. Then he recited the Ayah that is in Surat Al-Hashr:

وَلْتَنظُرْ نَفْسٌ مَّا قَدَّمَتْ لِغَدٍ

(and let every person look to what he has sent forth for tomorrow,") He then said, "A man donated his Dinar, his Dirham, from his clothes, from his Sa` of wheat, from his Sa` of dates" -- until he said -- "even if it was half a date." Then a person among the Ansar came there with a moneybag, which his hands could scarcely lift; in fact, his hands could not lift it. Then the people followed continuously, until I saw two heaps of eatables and clothes. I saw the face of the Messenger radiate with pleasure, like gold. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«مَنْ سَنَّ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ سُنَّةً حَسَنَةً فَلَهُ أَجْرُهَا وَأَجْرُ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِهَا بَعْدَهُ، مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُنْقَصَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْءٌ، وَمَنْ سَنَّ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ سُنَّةً سَيِّئَةً كَانَ عَلَيْهِ وِزْرُهَا وَوِزْرُ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِهَا، مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُنْقَصَ مِنْ أَوْزَارِهِمْ شَيْء»

(He who sets a good example in Islam, there is a reward for him for this (act of goodness) and reward of that also who acted according to it subsequently, without any deduction from their rewards. Whoever sets in Islam an evil example, there is upon him the burden of that evil and the burden of him also who acted upon it subsequently, without any deduction from their burden.)" Muslim recorded this Hadith via the chain of Shu`bah. Therefore, Allah's statement,

يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ اتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ

(O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah), ordains the Taqwa of Allah which pertains to obeying what He ordered and staying away from what He forbade. Allah said,

وَلْتَنظُرْ نَفْسٌ مَّا قَدَّمَتْ لِغَدٍ

(and let every person look to what he has sent forth for tomorrow,) meaning, hold yourselves accountable before you are recompensed, and contemplate what you have kept for yourselves of good deeds for the Day of your return and being paraded before your Lord,

وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ

(Have Taqwa of Allah), again ordering Taqwa,

إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ

(Verily, Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) Allah asserts that surely, He knows all of your deeds -- O mankind -- and actions. Nothing that pertains to you ever escapes His observation, nor any matter of yours, whether major or minor, is ever beyond His knowledge,

وَلاَ تَكُونُواْ كَالَّذِينَ نَسُواْ اللَّهَ فَأَنسَـهُمْ أَنفُسَهُمْ

(And be not like those who forgot Allah, and He caused them to forget themselves.) meaning, do not forget the remembrance of Allah, the Exalted, otherwise, He will make you forget to perform the good deeds that benefit you in your return, because the recompense is equated with the action. This is why Allah the Exalted said,

أُولَـئِكَ هُمُ الْفَـسِقُونَ

(Those are the rebellious.) referring to those who rebel against obedience to Allah, who will earn destruction on the Day of Resurrection and failure upon their return,

يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تُلْهِكُمْ أَمْوَلُكُمْ وَلاَ أَوْلَـدُكُمْ عَن ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْخَـسِرُونَ

(O you who believe! Let not your properties or your children divert you from the remembrance of Allah. And whosoever does that, then they are the losers.)(63:9)

The Residents of Paradise and the Residents of Hell are never Equal

Allah said,

لاَ يَسْتَوِى أَصْحَـبُ النَّارِ وَأَصْحَـبُ الْجَنَّةِ

(Not equal are the dwellers of the Fire and the dwellers of the Paradise.) meaning, these two categories of people are never the same with regards to the judgement of Allah, the Exalted, on the Day of Resurrection. Allah said in other Ayat,

أَمْ حَسِبَ الَّذِينَ اجْتَرَحُواْ السَّيِّئَـتِ أَن نَّجْعَلَهُمْ كَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ سَوَآءً مَّحْيَـهُمْ وَمَمَـتُهُمْ سَآءَ مَا يَحْكُمُونَ

(Or do those who earn evil deeds think that We shall hold them equal with those who believe and do righteous good deeds, in their present life and after their death Worst is the judgement that they make.)(45:21),

وَمَا يَسْتَوِى الاٌّعْـمَى وَالْبَصِيرُ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ وَلاَ الْمُسِىءُ قَلِيـلاً مَّا تَتَذَكَّرُونَ

(And not equal are the blind and those who see; nor are those who believe and do righteous good deeds and those who do evil. Little do you remember!)(40:58), and,

أَمْ نَجْعَلُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ كَالْمُفْسِدِينَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ أَمْ نَجْعَلُ الْمُتَّقِينَ كَالْفُجَّارِ

(Shall We treat those who believe and do righteous good deeds as corrupters on earth Or shall We treat those who have Taqwa as the wicked)(38:28) Therefore, Allah asserts that He will honor the righteous and humiliate the sinners, and this is why He said here,

أَصْحَـبُ الْجَنَّةِ هُمُ الْفَآئِزُونَ

(It is the dwellers of Paradise that will be successful.) that is, they are those who will earn safety and deliverance from the torment of Allah the Exalted and Most Honored.

Ayat ini dapat berarti khusus dan dapat pula berarti umum. Berarti khusus ialah ayat ini berhubungan dengan orang munafik dan orang-orang Yahudi Bani Nadhir serta sikap dan tindakan mereka terhadap kaum Muslimin pada waktu turunnya ayat ini. Berarti umum ialah semua orang yang suka menyesatkan orang lain dari jalan yang benar dan orang-orang yang mau disesatkan karena teperdaya oleh rayuan dan janji-janji yang muluk-muluk dari orang yang menyesatkan.

Maksudnya, janganlah sekali-kali orang yang beriman seperti orang yang lupa kepada Allah, lalu Allah melupakannya. Orang yang lupa kepada Allah, seperti orang munafik dan orang Yahudi Bani Nadhir di masa Rasulullah saw, tidak bertakwa kepada-Nya. Mereka hanya memikirkan kehidupan dunia saja, tidak memikirkan kehidupan di akhirat. Mereka disibukkan oleh harta dan anak cucu mereka serta segala yang berhubungan dengan kesenangan duniawi. Firman Allah:

Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Janganlah harta bendamu dan anak-anakmu melalaikan kamu dari mengingat Allah. Dan barang siapa berbuat demikian, maka mereka itulah orang-orang yang rugi. (al-Munafiqun/63: 9)

Kemudian diterangkan bahwa jika seseorang lupa kepada Allah, maka Allah pun melupakannya. Maksud pernyataan Allah melupakan mereka ialah Allah tidak menyukai mereka, sehingga mereka bergelimang dalam kesesatan, makin lama mereka makin sesat, sehingga makin jauh dari jalan yang lurus, jalan yang diridai Allah. Oleh karena itu, di akhirat mereka juga dilupakan Allah, dan Allah tidak menolong dan meringankan beban penderitaan mereka. Akhirnya mereka dimasukkan ke dalam neraka, sebagai balasan perbuatan dan tindakan mereka.

Ditegaskan bahwa orang-orang seperti kaum munafik dan Yahudi Bani Nadhir adalah orang-orang yang fasik. Mereka mengetahui mana yang baik (hak) dan mana yang batil, mana yang baik dan mana yang jahat. Namun demikian, mereka tidak melaksanakan yang benar dan baik itu, tetapi malah melaksanakan yang batil dan yang jahat.