Surah Al-Hashr 59:18

The Command to have Taqwa and to prepare for the Day of Resurrection

Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Mundhir bin Jarir narrated that his father said, "While we were in the company of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the early hours of the morning, some people came there who were barefooted, naked, wearing striped woolen clothes, or cloaks, with their swords hung (around their necks). Most of them, nay, all of them, belonged to the tribe of Mudar. The color of the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ underwent a change when he saw them in poverty. He then entered (his house) and came out and commanded Bilal to pronounce Adhan. Bilal pronounced Adhan and Iqamah, and the Prophet led the prayer. He then addressed them, first reciting,

يَـأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُواْ رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ مِّن نَّفْسٍ وَحِدَةٍ

(O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord, Who created you from a single person... ) (4:1), until the end of the Ayah. Then he recited the Ayah that is in Surat Al-Hashr:

وَلْتَنظُرْ نَفْسٌ مَّا قَدَّمَتْ لِغَدٍ

(and let every person look to what he has sent forth for tomorrow,") He then said, "A man donated his Dinar, his Dirham, from his clothes, from his Sa` of wheat, from his Sa` of dates" -- until he said -- "even if it was half a date." Then a person among the Ansar came there with a moneybag, which his hands could scarcely lift; in fact, his hands could not lift it. Then the people followed continuously, until I saw two heaps of eatables and clothes. I saw the face of the Messenger radiate with pleasure, like gold. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«مَنْ سَنَّ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ سُنَّةً حَسَنَةً فَلَهُ أَجْرُهَا وَأَجْرُ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِهَا بَعْدَهُ، مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُنْقَصَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْءٌ، وَمَنْ سَنَّ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ سُنَّةً سَيِّئَةً كَانَ عَلَيْهِ وِزْرُهَا وَوِزْرُ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِهَا، مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُنْقَصَ مِنْ أَوْزَارِهِمْ شَيْء»

(He who sets a good example in Islam, there is a reward for him for this (act of goodness) and reward of that also who acted according to it subsequently, without any deduction from their rewards. Whoever sets in Islam an evil example, there is upon him the burden of that evil and the burden of him also who acted upon it subsequently, without any deduction from their burden.)" Muslim recorded this Hadith via the chain of Shu`bah. Therefore, Allah's statement,

يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ اتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ

(O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah), ordains the Taqwa of Allah which pertains to obeying what He ordered and staying away from what He forbade. Allah said,

وَلْتَنظُرْ نَفْسٌ مَّا قَدَّمَتْ لِغَدٍ

(and let every person look to what he has sent forth for tomorrow,) meaning, hold yourselves accountable before you are recompensed, and contemplate what you have kept for yourselves of good deeds for the Day of your return and being paraded before your Lord,

وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ

(Have Taqwa of Allah), again ordering Taqwa,

إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ

(Verily, Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) Allah asserts that surely, He knows all of your deeds -- O mankind -- and actions. Nothing that pertains to you ever escapes His observation, nor any matter of yours, whether major or minor, is ever beyond His knowledge,

وَلاَ تَكُونُواْ كَالَّذِينَ نَسُواْ اللَّهَ فَأَنسَـهُمْ أَنفُسَهُمْ

(And be not like those who forgot Allah, and He caused them to forget themselves.) meaning, do not forget the remembrance of Allah, the Exalted, otherwise, He will make you forget to perform the good deeds that benefit you in your return, because the recompense is equated with the action. This is why Allah the Exalted said,

أُولَـئِكَ هُمُ الْفَـسِقُونَ

(Those are the rebellious.) referring to those who rebel against obedience to Allah, who will earn destruction on the Day of Resurrection and failure upon their return,

يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تُلْهِكُمْ أَمْوَلُكُمْ وَلاَ أَوْلَـدُكُمْ عَن ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْخَـسِرُونَ

(O you who believe! Let not your properties or your children divert you from the remembrance of Allah. And whosoever does that, then they are the losers.)(63:9)

The Residents of Paradise and the Residents of Hell are never Equal

Allah said,

لاَ يَسْتَوِى أَصْحَـبُ النَّارِ وَأَصْحَـبُ الْجَنَّةِ

(Not equal are the dwellers of the Fire and the dwellers of the Paradise.) meaning, these two categories of people are never the same with regards to the judgement of Allah, the Exalted, on the Day of Resurrection. Allah said in other Ayat,

أَمْ حَسِبَ الَّذِينَ اجْتَرَحُواْ السَّيِّئَـتِ أَن نَّجْعَلَهُمْ كَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ سَوَآءً مَّحْيَـهُمْ وَمَمَـتُهُمْ سَآءَ مَا يَحْكُمُونَ

(Or do those who earn evil deeds think that We shall hold them equal with those who believe and do righteous good deeds, in their present life and after their death Worst is the judgement that they make.)(45:21),

وَمَا يَسْتَوِى الاٌّعْـمَى وَالْبَصِيرُ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ وَلاَ الْمُسِىءُ قَلِيـلاً مَّا تَتَذَكَّرُونَ

(And not equal are the blind and those who see; nor are those who believe and do righteous good deeds and those who do evil. Little do you remember!)(40:58), and,

أَمْ نَجْعَلُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ كَالْمُفْسِدِينَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ أَمْ نَجْعَلُ الْمُتَّقِينَ كَالْفُجَّارِ

(Shall We treat those who believe and do righteous good deeds as corrupters on earth Or shall We treat those who have Taqwa as the wicked)(38:28) Therefore, Allah asserts that He will honor the righteous and humiliate the sinners, and this is why He said here,

أَصْحَـبُ الْجَنَّةِ هُمُ الْفَآئِزُونَ

(It is the dwellers of Paradise that will be successful.) that is, they are those who will earn safety and deliverance from the torment of Allah the Exalted and Most Honored.

Kepada orang-orang yang beriman diperintahkan agar bertakwa kepada Allah, dengan melaksanakan perintah-perintah dan menjauhi larangan-larangan-Nya. Termasuk melaksanakan perintah Allah ialah memurnikan ketaatan dan menundukkan diri hanya kepada-Nya, tidak ada sedikit pun unsur syirik di dalamnya, melaksanakan ibadah-ibadah yang diwajibkan, dan mengadakan hubungan baik sesama manusia.

Dalam ayat yang lain diterangkan tanda-tanda orang bertakwa:

Kebajikan itu bukanlah menghadapkan wajahmu ke arah timur dan ke barat, tetapi kebajikan itu ialah (kebajikan) orang yang beriman kepada Allah, hari akhir, malaikat-malaikat, kitab-kitab, dan nabi-nabi dan memberikan harta yang dicintainya kepada kerabat, anak yatim, orang-orang miskin, orang-orang yang dalam perjalanan (musafir), peminta-minta, dan untuk memerdekakan hamba sahaya, yang melaksanakan salat dan menunaikan zakat, orang-orang yang menepati janji apabila berjanji, dan orang yang sabar dalam kemelaratan, penderitaan dan pada masa peperangan. Mereka itulah orang-orang yang benar, dan mereka itulah orang-orang yang bertakwa. (al-Baqarah/2: 177)

Dalam Al-Qur'an ungkapan kata takwa mempunyai beberapa arti, di antaranya: Pertama, melaksanakan perintah Allah dan menjauhi larangan-Nya, sebagaimana yang disebutkan dalam Al-Qur'an dan diajarkan Rasulullah saw seperti contoh ayat di atas. Kedua, takut melanggar perintah Allah dan memelihara diri dari perbuatan maksiat.

Orang yang bertakwa kepada Allah hendaklah selalu memperhatikan dan meneliti apa yang akan dikerjakan, apakah ada manfaat untuk dirinya di akhirat nanti atau tidak. Tentu yang akan dikerjakannya semua bermanfaat bagi dirinya di akhirat nanti. Di samping itu, hendaklah seseorang selalu memperhitungkan perbuatannya sendiri, apakah sesuai dengan ajaran agama atau tidak. Jika lebih banyak dikerjakan yang dilarang Allah, hendaklah ia berusaha menutupnya dengan amal-amal saleh. Dengan perkataan lain, ayat ini memerintahkan manusia agar selalu mawas diri, memperhitungkan segala yang akan dan telah diperbuatnya sebelum Allah menghitungnya di akhirat nanti.

Suatu peringatan pada akhir ayat ini agar selalu bertakwa kepada Allah, karena Dia mengetahui semua yang dikerjakan hamba-hamba-Nya, baik yang tampak maupun yang tidak tampak, yang lahir maupun yang batin, tidak ada sesuatu pun yang luput dari pengetahuan-Nya.