Surah Al-Hajj 22:54

How the Shaytan threw some Falsehood into the Words of the Messengers, and how Allah abolished

At this point many of the scholars of Tafsir mentioned the story of the Gharaniq and how many of those who had migrated to Ethiopia came back when they thought that the idolators of the Quraysh had become Muslims, but these reports all come through Mursal chains of narration and I do not think that any of them may be regarded as Sahih. And Allah knows best. Al-Bukhari said, "Ibn `Abbas said,

(in his recitation (of the revelation).) "When he spoke, the Shaytan threw (some falsehood) into his speech, but Allah abolished that which the Shaytan threw in."

(Then Allah establishes His revelations.) `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said,

(when he did recite (the revelation), Shaytan threw (some falsehood) in it) "When he spoke, the Shaytan threw (some falsehood) into his speech." Mujahid said:

(when he did recite) "When he spoke." It was said that it refers to his recitation, whereas,

(but they trust upon Amani) means they speak but they do not write. Al-Baghawi and the majority of the scholars of Tafsir said:

(he did recite) "Reciting the Book of Allah."

(Shaytan threw (some falsehood) in it) "In his recitation." Ad-Dahhak said:

(when he did recite) "When he recited." Ibn Jarir said, "This comment is more akin to interpretation."

(But Yansakh Allah that which Shaytan throws in.) The meaning of the word Naskh in Arabic is to remove or lift away. `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "This means, Allah cancels out that which the Shaytan throws in."

(And Allah is All-Knower,) means, He knows all matters and events that will happen, and nothing whatsoever is hidden from Him.

(All-Wise.) means, in His decree, creation and command, He has perfect wisdom and absolute proof, hence He says:

(That He (Allah) may make what is thrown in by Shaytan a trial for those in whose hearts is a disease) meaning, doubt, Shirk, disbelief and hypocrisy. Ibn Jurayj said:

(those in whose hearts is a disease) "The hypocrites, and

(and whose hearts are hardened.) means the idolators."

(And certainly, the wrongdoers are in an opposition far-off.) means, far away in misguidance, resistance and stubbornness, i.e., far from the truth and the correct way.

(And that those who have been given knowledge may know that it is the truth from your Lord, so that they may believe therein,) means, `so that those who have been given beneficial knowledge with which they may differentiate between truth and falsehood, those who believe in Allah and His Messenger, may know that what We have revealed to you is the truth from your Lord, Who has revealed it by His knowledge and under His protection, and He will guard it from being mixed with anything else.' Indeed, it is the Wise Book which,

(Falsehood cannot come to it from before it or behind it, (it is) sent down by the All-Wise, Worthy of all praise (Allah).) 41:42

(so that they may believe therein,) means, that they may believe that it is true and act upon it.

(and their hearts may submit to it with humility.) means, that their hearts may humble themselves and accept it.

(And verily, Allah is the Guide of those who believe, to the straight path.) means, in this world and in the Hereafter. In this world, He guides them to the truth and helps them to follow it and to resist and avoid falsehood; in the Hereafter, He will guide them to the straight path which leads to the degrees of Paradise, and He will save them from the painful torment and the dismal levels of Hell.

Allah melakukan yang demikian itu agar orang-orang yang berilmu pengetahuan mengetahui dan merenungkan segala macam hukum yang telah ditetapkan Allah, pokok-pokok sunnatullah, segala macam subhat dan penafsiran ayat-ayat dengan cara yang salah yang dibuat oleh setan dan pengikut-pengikutnya. Dengan pengetahuan dan pengalaman itu diharapkan iman mereka bertambah, meyakini bahwa Al-Qur'an itu benar-benar berasal dari Allah. sebagaimana mereka meyakini bahwa Allah menjamin keaslian Al-Qur'an dari campur tangan manusia di dalamnya dan dari penafsiran yang salah.

Karena itu hendaklah orang-orang yang beriman yang telah dapat membedakan antara yang benar dan yang salah, antara iman dan kufur menundukkan dan menyerahkan diri kepada Allah. Membaca ayat-ayat Al-Qur'an dengan sungguh-sungguh, melaksanakan segala yang diperintahkan-Nya, menghentikan segala larangan-Nya, baik yang berhubungan dengan ibadah, muamalat, budi pekerti, hukum dan tata cara bergaul dalam kehidupan masyarakat.

Kemudian ditegaskan bahwa Allah benar-benar akan memberi petunjuk dan taufik kepada hamba-hamba-Nya yang beriman dan mengikuti semua rasul. Petunjuk dan taufik yang diberikan Allah kepada hamba-Nya dilakukan dengan bermacam cara. Ada cara yang langsung dan ada pula dengan cara yang tidak langsung, kadang-kadang manusia sendiri menyadari bahwa ia telah menerima petunjuk itu.

Dalam sejarah kehidupan Nabi Muhammad saw banyak didapati saat-saat Allah memberikan petunjuk yang langsung kepadanya. Di antaranya petunjuk-petunjuk Allah kepadanya adalah teguran Allah kepada Nabi, ketika Nabi melakukan perbuatan yang dianggap tidak layak dilakukan oleh rasul, misalnya teguran-Nya kepada Nabi karena meremehkan seorang sahabat yang bertanya kepadanya, Nabi sedang sibuk dengan pembesar Quriasy. Di antara contoh-contohnya ialah sebagai berikut:

Imam Ibnu Jarir meriwayatkan bahwa Ibnu Ummi Maktum, seorang sahabat Nabi yang buta dan miskin. Pada suatu hari ia datang menghadap Nabi dan ia berkata, "Ya Rasulullah, bacakan dan ajarkanlah kepadaku apa yang telah diajarkan Allah kepadamu." Ia mengulangi perkataan itu tiga kali. Waktu Ibnu Ummi Maktum bertanya, Rasul saw sedang menerima pembesar Quraisy, yaitu Walid bin Mugirah dan konon musuh umat Islam, sedang Ibnu Ummi Maktum tidak melihat dan mengetahui pula bahwa Rasulullah sedang sibuk menerima tamu-tamunya. Karena itu Rasulullah saw merasa kurang senang dengan permintaan Ibnu Ummi Maktum, beliau bermuka masam dan berpaling daripadanya. Sikap Rasulullah terhadap Ibnu Ummi Maktum itu ditegur Allah dengan firman-Nya:

Dia (Muhammad) berwajah masam dan berpaling, karena seorang buta telah datang kepadanya (Abdullah bin Ummi Maktum). Dan tahukah engkau (Muhammad) barangkali dia ingin menyucikan dirinya (dari dosa), atau dia (ingin) mendapatkan pengajaran, yang memberi manfaat kepadanya? Adapun orang yang merasa dirinya serba cukup (pembesar-pembesar Quraisy), maka engkau (Muhammad) memberi perhatian kepadanya, padahal tidak ada (cela) atasmu kalau dia tidak menyucikan diri (beriman). Dan adapun orang yang datang kepadamu dengan bersegera (untuk mendapatkan pengajaran), sedang dia takut (kepada Allah), engkau (Muhammad) malah mengabaikannya. Sekali-kali jangan (begitu)! Sungguh, (ajaran-ajaran Allah) itu suatu peringatan. ('Abasa/80: 1-11)

Dengan teguran Allah itu Rasulullah menjadi sadar akan kesalahannya, sejak waktu itu beliau tambah menghormati sahabat-sahabat beliau, termasuk menghormati Ibnu Ummi Maktum sendiri. Teguran Allah inilah yang membedakan posisi Nabi dengan manusia biasa.