Surah Al-Hajj 22:37

The Goal of the Udhiyyah (Sacrifice) according to Allah is the Sincerity and Taqwa of His Servant

Allah says: this sacrifice is prescribed for you so that you will remember Him at the time of slaughter, for He is the Creator and Provider. Nothing of its flesh or blood reaches Him, for He has no need of anything other than Himself. During the time of Jahiliyyah, when they offered sacrifices to their gods, they would put some of the meat of their sacrifices on their idols, and sprinkle the blood over them. But Allah says:

لَن يَنَالَ اللَّهَ لُحُومُهَا وَلاَ دِمَآؤُهَا

(It is neither their meat nor their blood that reaches Allah,) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn Jurayj said, "The people of the Jahiliyyah used to put the meat of their sacrifices and sprinkle the blood on the House, and the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "We have more right to do that." Then Allah revealed the words:

لَن يَنَالَ اللَّهَ لُحُومُهَا وَلاَ دِمَآؤُهَا وَلَـكِن يَنَالُهُ التَّقْوَى مِنكُمْ

(It is neither their meat nor their blood that reaches Allah, but it is Taqwa from you that reaches Him.) That is what He will accept and reward for, as mentioned in the Sahih,

«إِنَّ اللهَ لَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَى صُوَرِكُمْ وَلَا إِلَى أَلْوَانِكُمْ، وَلَكِنْ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى قُلُوبِكُمْ وَأَعْمَالِكُم»

(Allah does not look to your appearance or your colors, but He looks to your hearts and deeds.) And in the Hadith; (Indeed charity falls in the Hand of Ar-Rahman before it falls in the hand of the one asking.)

كَذَلِكَ سَخَّرَهَا لَكُمْ

(Thus have We made them subject to you) meaning, `for this purpose We have subjugated the Budn for you,'

لِتُكَبِّرُواْ اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ

(that you may proclaim Allah's greatness for His guidance to you.) means, that you may glorify Him for guiding you to His religion and His way which He loves and is pleased with, and has forbidden you to do all that He hates and rejects.

وَبَشِّرِ الْمُحْسِنِينَ

(And give glad tidings to the doers of good.) means, `give good news, O Muhammad, to those who do good,' i.e., whose deeds are good and who remain within the limits prescribed by Allah, who follow that which has been prescribed for them, who believe in the Messenger and follow that which he has conveyed from his Lord.

(Note) The Udhiyyah is Sunnah Mustahabbah One animal is sufficient on behalf of all the members of one household. Ibn `Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ continued to offer sacrifice for ten years." This was recorded by At-Tirmidhi. Abu Ayyub said: "At the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, a man would sacrifice a sheep on behalf of himself and all the members of his household, and they would eat from it and feed others, until the people started boasting by sacrificing more than one and things reached the stage that you see now." This was recorded by At-Tirmidhi, who graded it Sahih, and by Ibn Majah. `Abdullah bin Hisham used to sacrifice one sheep on behalf of his entire family; this was recorded by Al-Bukhari. Concerning how old the sacrificial animal should be, Muslim recorded from Jabir that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

«لَا تَذْبَحُوا إِلَّا مُسِنَّةً، إِلَّا أَنْ تَعْسُرَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَتَذْبَحُوا جَذَعَةً مِنَ الضَّأْن»

(Do not sacrifice any but mature animals, and if that is not possible, then sacrifice a young sheep.)

Allah menegaskan lagi tujuan berkurban, ialah untuk mendekatkan diri kepada Allah dan mencari keridaan-Nya. Dekat kepada Allah dan keridaan-Nya tidak akan diperoleh dari daging-daging binatang yang disembelih itu dan tidak pula dari darahnya yang telah ditumpahkan, akan tetapi semuanya itu akan diperoleh bila kurban itu dilakukan dengan niat yang ikhlas, dilakukan semata-mata karena Allah dan sebagai syukur atas nikmat-nikmat yang tidak terhingga yang telah dilimpahkan-Nya kepada hamba-Nya.

Mujahid berkata, "Kaum Muslimin pernah bermaksud meniru perbuatan orang-orang musyrik Mekah. Jika menyembelih binatang kurban, mereka menebarkan daging-daging binatang itu disekitar Ka'bah, sedang darahnya mereka lumurkan ke dinding-dinding Ka'bah dengan maksud mencari keridaan tuhan-tuhan yang mereka sembah. Dengan turunnya ayat ini, maka kaum Muslimin mengurungkan maksudnya itu."

Allah menegaskan pula bahwa Dia telah memudahkan binatang kurban bagi manusia, mudah didapat, mudah dikuasai, dan mudah pula disembelih. Dengan kemudahan itu manusia seharusnya tambah mensyukuri nikmat yang telah dilimpahkan Allah kepada mereka serta mengagungkan-Nya, karena petunjuk-petunjuk yang telah diberikan-Nya.

Pada akhir ayat ini Allah memerintahkan kepada Rasulullah saw menyampaikan kabar gembira kepada orang-orang yang beriman dan beramal saleh, serta orang-orang yang melakukan kurban dengan ikhlas bahwa mereka akan memperoleh rida dan karunia-Nya.

Pada ayat yang lalu Allah memerintahkan agar menyebut nama-Nya di waktu menyembelih binatang kurban, sedang pada ayat ini diperintahkan membaca takbir di waktu menyembelih binatang kurban.

Kebanyakan ahli tafsir mengumpulkan kedua bacaan ini, yaitu dengan menyebut nama Allah dan mengucapkan takbir.

Ucapan yang diucapkan itu ialah:

Dengan nama Allah, Allah Maha Besar, dari Engkau dan untuk Engkau!

Alasan dari mufasir itu ialah hadis Nabi Muhammad saw.

Dari Jabir bin Abdillah, ia berkata, "Nabi saw menyembelih pada hari raya kurban dua ekor domba yang mempunyai tanduk yang tajam dan berwarna putih kehitam-hitaman. Tatkala beliau menghadapkan keduanya ke kiblat, beliau mengucapkan, (artinya) "Sesungguhnya aku menghadapkan mukaku kepada yang menciptakan langit dan bumi dalam keadaan cenderung kepada agama yang benar," sampai kepada perkataan, 'dan aku adalah orang yang pertama kali yang menyerahkan diri. Wahai Tuhan! Dari Engkau untuk Engkau, dari Muhammad dan umatnya, dengan nama Allah dan Allah Mahabesar, kemudian beliau menyembelihnya." (Riwayat Abu Daud)