Surah Al-Baqarah 2:258

The Debate Between Ibrahim Al-Khalil and King Nimrod

The king who disputed with Ibrahim was King Nimrod, son of Canaan, son of Kush, son of Sam, son of Noah, as Mujahid stated. It was also said that he was Nimrod, son of Falikh, son of `Abir, son of Shalikh, son of Arfakhshand, son of Sam, son of Noah. Mujahid said, "The kings who ruled the eastern and western parts of the world are four, two believers and two disbelievers. As for the two believing kings, they were Sulayman bin Dawud and Dhul-Qarnayn. As for the two disbelieving kings, they were Nimrod and Nebuchadnezzar." Allah knows best.

Allah said,

(Have you not looked) meaning, "With your heart, O Muhammad!"

(at him who disputed with Ibrahim about his Lord) meaning, about the existence of Allah. Nimrod denied the existence of a god other than himself, as he claimed, just as Fir`awn said later to his people,

(I know not that you have a god other than me) 28:38.

What made Nimrod commit this transgression, utter disbelief and arrant rebellion was his tyranny and the fact that he ruled for a long time. This is why the Ayah continued,

(Because Allah had given him the kingdom. )

It appears that Nimrod asked Ibrahim to produce proof that Allah exists. Ibrahim replied,

(My Lord is He Who gives life and causes death) meaning, "The proof of Allah's existence is the creations that exist after they were nothing and perish after they had existed. This only proves the existence of the Creator, Who does what He wills, for these things could not have occurred on their own without a Creator who created them, and He is the Lord that I call to for worship, Alone without a partner."

This is when Nimrod said,

(I give life and cause death.)

Qatadah, Muhammad bin Ishaq and As-Suddi said that he meant, "Two men who deserved execution were to be brought before me, and I would command that one of them be killed, and he would be killed. I would command that the second man be pardoned, and he would be pardoned. This is how I bring life and death." However, it appears that since Nimrod did not deny the existence of a Creator, his statement did not mean what Qatadah said it meant. This explanation does not provide an answer to what Ibrahim said. Nimrod arrogantly and defiantly claimed that he was the creator and pretended that it was he who brings life and death. Later on, Fir`awn imitated him and announced,

(I know not that you have a god other than me) 28: 38.

This is why Ibrahim said to Nimrod,

(Verily, Allah brings the sun from the east; then bring it you from the west.)

This Ayah means, "You claim that it is you who brings life and death. He who brings life and death controls the existence and creates whatever is in it, including controlling its planets and their movements. For instance, the sun rises everyday from the east. Therefore, if you were god, as you claimed, bringing life and death, then bring the sun from the west." Since the king was aware of his weakness, inadequacy and that he was not able to reply to Ibrahim's request, he was idle, silent and unable to comment. Therefore, the proof was established against him. Allah said,

(And Allah guides not the people, who are wrongdoers) meaning, Allah deprives the unjust people of any valid proof or argument. Furthermore, their false proof and arguments are annulled by their Lord, and they have earned His anger and will suffer severe torment.

The meaning that we provided is better than the meaning that some philosophers offered, claiming that Ibrahim used the second argument because it was clearer than the first one. Rather, our explanation asserts that Ibrahim refuted both claims of Nimrod, all praise is due to Allah.

As-Suddi stated that the debate between Ibrahim and Nimrod occurred after Ibrahim was thrown in the fire, for Ibrahim did not meet the king before that day.

Pada ayat ini dicontohkan keadaan dan sifat keangkuhan raja Namrud dari Babilonia, ketika berhadapan dengan Nabi Ibrahim sebagai rasul Allah. Raja Namrud telah dikaruniai Allah kekuasaan dan kerajaan yang besar, tetapi dia tidak bersyukur atas nikmat tersebut, bahkan menjadi seorang yang ingkar dan zalim. Rahmat Allah yang seharusnya digunakannya untuk menaati Allah, digunakannya untuk mendurhakai-Nya, dengan melakukan perbuatan yang tidak diridai-Nya.

Namrud yang telah mengambil setan sebagai pemimpin dan pelindungnya itu, dengan sikap congkak berkata menentang Nabi Ibrahim, "Siapakah Tuhanmu yang kamu serukan agar kami beriman kepadanya?" Ibrahim menjawab, "Tuhanku adalah Allah yang kuasa menciptakan makhluk yang semula tidak ada, atau menghidupkan orang yang tadinya sudah mati". Maka Namrud menjawab, "Kalau begitu, aku pun dapat pula menghidupkan dan mematikan." Maksudnya, membiarkan hidup atau tidak membunuh seseorang yang seharusnya dia bunuh; dan dia sanggup mematikan seseorang, yaitu dengan membunuhnya. Sedang yang dimaksudkan oleh Ibrahim ialah bahwa Allah swt menciptakan makhluk hidup yang tadinya belum ada, yaitu dengan menciptakan tulang-tulang, daging dan darah, lalu meniupkan roh ke dalamnya, atau dari makhluk yang telah mati, kemudian Allah mengembalikannya menjadi hidup; pada Hari Kebangkitan kelak. Allah kuasa pula mematikan makhluk yang hidup, tidak dengan membunuhnya seperti yang dilakukan oleh manusia, melainkan dengan mengeluarkan roh makhluk tersebut dengan datangnya ajal atau dengan terjadinya hari kiamat kelak. Maka jawaban Namrud yang disebutkan dalam ayat ini adalah olok-olokan belaka, tidak sesuai dengan apa yang dimaksudkan oleh Ibrahim a.s.

Oleh karena jawaban Namrud itu tidak ada nilainya, maka Nabi Ibrahim tidak mengindahkan jawaban itu. Lalu dia berkata, "Tuhanku (Allah) kuasa menerbitkan matahari dari timur, maka terbitkanlah olehmu matahari itu dari barat." Namrud tidak dapat menjawab. Sebab itu dia bungkam, tidak berkutik.

Di sini dapat dilihat perbedaan antara Nabi Ibrahim dan Namrud. Nabi Ibrahim sebagai rasul Allah yang beriman dan taat kepada-Nya, senantiasa memperoleh petunjuk-Nya, sehingga dia tidak kehilangan akal dan dalil dalam perdebatan itu, bahkan dalilnya yang terakhir tentang bukti kekuasaan Allah dapat membungkam raja Namrud. Sebaliknya Raja Namrud yang ingkar dan durhaka kepada Allah, benar-benar tidak mendapat petunjuk-Nya, sehingga dia kalah dan tidak dapat berkutik lagi untuk menjawab tantangan Nabi Ibrahim. Itulah akibat orang yang mengambil setan sebagai pemimpin dan pelindung mereka.