Surah Al-Anfal 8:58

وَإِمَّا تَخَافَنَّ مِن قَوْمٍ

(If you fear from any people), with whom you have a treaty of peace,

خِيَانَةً

(treachery), and betrayal of peace treaties and agreements that you have conducted with them,

فَانبِذْ إِلَيْهِمْ

(then throw back (their covenant) to them), meaning their treaty of peace.

عَلَى سَوَآءٍ

(on equal terms), informing them that you are severing the treaty. This way, you will be on equal terms, in that, you and they will be aware that a state of war exists between you and that the bilateral peace treaty is null and void,

إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُحِبُّ الخَـئِنِينَ

(Certainly Allah likes not the treacherous. ) This even includes treachery against the disbelievers. Imam Ahmad recorded that Salim bin `Amir said, "Mu`awiyah was leading an army in Roman lands, at a time the bilateral peace treaty was valid. He wanted to go closer to their forces so that when the treaty of peace ended, he could invade them. An old man riding on his animal said, `Allahu Akbar (Allah is the Great), Allahu Akbar! Be honest and stay away from betrayal.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«وَمَنْ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ قَوْمٍ عَهْدٌ فَلَا يَحُلَّنَّ عُقْدَةً وَلَا يَشُدَّهَا حَتَّى يَنْقَضِي أَمَدُهَا، أَوْ يَنْبُذَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَلَى سَوَاء»

(Whoever has a treaty of peace with a people, then he should not untie any part of it or tie it harder until the treaty reaches its appointed term. Or, he should declare the treaty null and void so that they are both on equal terms.) When Mu`awiyah was informed of the Prophet's statement, he retreated. They found that man to be `Amr bin `Anbasah, may Allah be pleased with him." This Hadith was also collected by Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi, Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Hibban in his Sahih. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih."

Jika kaum Muslimin merasa ada tanda-tanda pengkhianatan dari satu golongan yang mengadakan perjanjian pertahanan, haruslah dikembalikan perjanjian itu kepada mereka dan hendaklah mereka berusaha untuk menghalangi terjadinya pengkhianatan itu, dengan jalan mengembalikan perjanjian itu secara jujur disertai peringatan bahwa setelah adanya pengkhianatan itu pihak kaum Muslimin tidak terikat lagi dengan janji apa pun dengan mereka. Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang yang berkhianat, dan juga tidak membolehkan pengkhianatan secara mutlak.

Kaum Muslimin dilarang memerangi mereka sebelum ada pemberitahuan, bahwa perjanjian antara mereka dengan pihak lawan tidak berlaku lagi, karena adanya pengkhianatan. Hal ini perlu diumumkan, agar tidak ada tuduhan dari musuh bahwa orang Islam telah memerangi mereka tanpa sebab atau melanggar perjanjian. Allah memberi peringatan pula kepada orang-orang yang berkhianat dengan azab yang akan menimpa diri mereka sebagai akibat dari pengkhianatannya.