Surah Al-Anfal 8:36

The Disbelievers spend Their Wealth to hinder Others from Allah's Path, but this will only cause Them Grief

Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated that Az-Zuhri, Muhammad bin Yahya bin Hibban, `Asim bin `Umar bin Qatadah, and Al-Husayn bin `Abdur-Rahman bin `Amr bin Sa`id bin Mu`adh said, "The Quraysh suffered defeat at Badr and their forces went back to Makkah, while Abu Sufyan went back with the caravan intact. This is when `Abdullah bin Abi Rabi`ah, `Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl, Safwan bin Umayyah and other men from Quraysh who lost their fathers, sons or brothers in Badr, went to Abu Sufyan bin Harb. They said to him, and to those among the Quraysh who had wealth in that caravan, `O people of Quraysh! Muhammad has grieved you and killed the chiefs among you. Therefore, help us with this wealth so that we can fight him, it may be that we will avenge our losses.' They agreed." Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "This Ayah was revealed about them, according to Ibn `Abbas,

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ يُنفِقُونَ أَمْوَلَهُمْ

(Verily, those who disbelieve spend their wealth...) until,

هُمُ الْخَـسِرُونَ

(they who are the losers. )" Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Al-Hakam bin `Uyaynah, Qatadah, As-Suddi and Ibn Abza said that this Ayah was revealed about Abu Sufyan and his spending money in Uhud to fight the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Ad-Dahhak said that this Ayah was revealed about the idolators of Badr. In any case, the Ayah is general, even though there was a specific incident that accompanied its revelation. Allah states here that the disbelievers spend their wealth to hinder from the path of truth. However, by doing that, their money will be spent and then will become a source of grief and anguish for them, availing them nothing in the least. They seek to extinguish the Light of Allah and make their word higher than the word of truth. However, Allah will complete His Light, even though the disbelievers hate it. He will give aid to His religion, make His Word dominant, and His religion will prevail above all religions. This is the disgrace that the disbelievers will taste in this life; and in the Hereafter, they will taste the torment of the Fire. Whoever among them lives long, will witness with his eyes and hear with his ears what causes grief to him. Those among them who are killed or die will be returned to eternal disgrace and the everlasting punishment. This is why Allah said,

فَسَيُنفِقُونَهَا ثُمَّ تَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ حَسْرَةً ثُمَّ يُغْلَبُونَ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ إِلَى جَهَنَّمَ يُحْشَرُونَ

(And so will they continue to spend it; but in the end it will become an anguish for them. Then they will be overcome. And those who disbelieve will be gathered unto Hell. )

Allah said,

لِيَمِيزَ اللَّهُ الْخَبِيثَ مِنَ الطَّيِّبِ

(In order that Allah may distinguish the wicked from the good.), meaning recognize the difference between the people of happiness and the people of misery, according to Ibn `Abbas, as `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from him. Allah distinguishes between those believers who obey Him and fight His disbelieving enemies and those who disobey Him. Allah said in another Ayah,

مَّا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَذَرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى مَآ أَنتُمْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَمِيزَ الْخَبِيثَ مِنَ الطَّيِّبِ وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُطْلِعَكُمْ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ

(Allah will not leave the believers in the state in which you are now, until He distinguishes the wicked from the good. Nor will Allah disclose to you the secrets of the Ghayb (Unseen).) 3:179, and,

أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَن تَدْخُلُواْ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ جَـهَدُواْ مِنكُمْ وَيَعْلَمَ الصَّـبِرِينَ

(Do you think that you will enter Paradise before Allah (tests) those of you who fought (in His cause) and (also) tests those who are the patient)3:142.

Therefore, the Ayah (8:37) means, `We tried you with combatant disbelievers whom We made able to spend money in fighting you,'

لِيَمِيزَ اللَّهُ الْخَبِيثَ مِنَ الطَّيِّبِ وَيَجْعَلَ الْخَبِيثَ بَعْضَهُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فَيَرْكُمَهُ

(in order that Allah may distinguish the wicked from the good, and put the wicked one over another, heap them together) put in a pile on top of each other,

فَيَجْعَلَهُ فِى جَهَنَّمَ أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْخَـسِرُونَ

(and cast them into Hell. Those! It is they who are the losers.) 8:37, in this life and the Hereafter.

قُل لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ إِن يَنتَهُواْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُمْ مَّا قَدْ سَلَفَ وَإِن يَعُودُواْ فَقَدْ مَضَتْ سُنَّتُ الاٌّوَّلِينِ

Para mufassir meriwayatkan dari Ibnu Abbas, Mujahid, Said bin Jubair, dan lain-lainnya sebagai berikut, "Ayat ini turun mengenai diri Abu Sufyan dan harta bendanya yang diserahkan untuk membiayai orang-orang musyrikin pada waktu Perang Badar, serta bantuannya terhadap mereka pada waktu perang Uhud dan lainnya."

Dalam riwayat lain disebutkan bahwa, Setelah Abu Sufyan dapat menyelamatkan kafilahnya (dalam Perang Badar) dengan menempuh jalan pantai menuju Mekah ia berjalan dengan disertai satu regu dari tentara kaum musyrikin menghasut orang-orang agar tidak memerangi mereka. Maka datanglah mereka kepada orang-orang yang mempunyai barang dagangan dalam kafilah seraya berkata, "Wahai orang-orang Quraisy, ketahuilah: Bahwa Muhammad telah mengucilkan kamu dan membunuh pemimpin-pemimpinmu. Maka bantulah kami dengan mengorbankan harta bendamu untuk memerangi Muhammad. Barangkali kami dapat mencapai kemenangan dari padanya." Kemudian mereka melaksanakan anjuran itu. Said bin Jubir berkata, "Bahwasanya Abu Sufyan pada waktu perang Uhud menyewa 2.000 orang dari suku Bani Kinanah untuk memerangi Rasulullah selain orang Arab yang memang sudah menjadi tentara." (Riwayat Ath-thasti dari Nafi bin Azraq)

Dalam ayat ini Allah menjelaskan persiapan-persiapan orang-orang kafir Quraisy pada saat menjelang terjadinya Perang Badar, yaitu mereka mengerahkan tenaga dan harta benda mereka untuk menghalang-halangi tersiarnya agama Islam dan perjuangan Rasulullah.

Betapa banyak kekuatan bala tentara yang mereka miliki dan harta benda yang mereka pergunakan, namun mereka akan mengalami kegagalan dalam menafkahkan harta benda itu, tidak lain karena perbuatan mereka seperti perbuatan setan yang tidak disandarkan pada pendirian yang benar. Akibatnya ialah penyesalan belaka, karena kekuatan jiwa dan harta mereka hilang tanpa faedah dan perjuangan mereka sia-sia. Kemudian perjuangan mereka secara berturut-turut akan dipatahkan, sehingga akhirnya yang menjulang tinggi hanyalah kalimat Allah semata. Allah mengancam orang-orang kafir dengan ancaman yang keras, bahwa pada hari Kiamat nanti mereka akan digiring ke dalam api neraka.