Surah Ad-Dukhan 44:37

Refutation of Those Who deny the Resurrection

Here Allah denounces the idolators for their denial of the Resurrection and their belief that there is nothing after this life and no life or resurrection after death, which they based on the fact that their forefathers had died and had not returned. They said, If the resurrection is true,

فَأْتُواْ بِـَابَآئِنَا إِن كُنتُمْ صَـدِقِينَ

(Then bring back our forefathers, if you speak the truth!) This is false evidence and a specious argument, for the resurrection will happen on the Day of Judgement, not in this world; it will happen when this world has ended and ceased to be. Allah will bring all creatures back, created anew. He will make the evildoers fuel for the fire of Hell, and on that Day you will be witnesses over mankind and the Messenger will be a witness over you. Then Allah threatens them and warns them of the irresistible torment other idolators like who denied the resurrection, suffered. Such as the people of Tubba`, i.e., Saba'. Allah destroyed them, wreaked havoc upon their land and scattered them here and there throughout the land, as we have already seen in Surah Saba'. This was brought about because the idolators denied the Resurrection. Here too, the idolaters are compared to them. They Tubba` were Arab descendants of Qahtan, just as these people (Quraysh) were Arab descendants of `Adnan. Among the people of Himyar -- who are also known as Saba' -- when a man became their king, they called him Tubba`, just as the title Chosroes was given to the king of Persia, Caesar to the king of the Romans, Fir`awn to the disbelieving ruler of Egypt, Negus to the king of Ethiopia, and so on among other nations. But it so happened that one of the Tubba` left Yemen and went on a journey of conquest until he reached Samarqand, expanding his kingdom and domain. He is the one who founded Al-Hirah. It is agreed that he passed through Al-Madinah during the days of Jahiliyyah. He fought its inhabitants but they resisted him; they fought him by day and supplied him with food by night, so he felt ashamed before them and refrained from harming them. He was accompanied by two Jewish rabbis who advised him and told him that he would never prevail over this city, for it would be the place to which a Prophet would migrate towards the end of time. So he retreated and took them (the two rabbis) with him to Yemen. When he passed by Makkah, he wanted to destroy the Ka`bah, but they told him not to do that either. They told him about the significance of this House, that it had been built by Ibrahim Al-Khalil, peace be upon him, and that it would become of great importance through that Prophet who would be sent towards the end of time. So he respected it, performed Tawaf around it, and covered it with a fine cloth. Then he returned to Yemen and invited its people to follow the religion of guidance along with him. At that time, the religion of Musa, peace be upon him, was the religion followed by those who were guided, before the coming of the Messiah, peace be upon him. So the people of Yemen accepted the religion of guidance along with him. `Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

«مَا أَدْرِي تُبَّعٌ نَبِيًّا كَانَ، أَمْ غَيْرَ نَبِي»

(I do not know whether Tubba` was a Prophet or not.) It was narrated that Tamim bin `Abdur-Rahman said: " `Ata' bin Abi Rabah said, `Do not revile Tubba`, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade reviling him."' And Allah knows best.

Kemudian Allah mengingatkan mereka pada kaum yang telah ditimpa malapetaka dan azab Allah, karena mereka durhaka dan tidak mengindahkan seruan para rasul yang diutus kepada mereka. Hendaklah mereka menjaga diri mereka, jangan sampai Allah mengazab mereka seperti yang telah dialami kaum yang terdahulu itu, Allah menyatakan bahwa keadaan mereka tidaklah lebih baik dari kaum Tubba'.

Sahl bin Sa'd berkata, aku mendengar Rasulullah bersabda: Janganlah kalian mencela Tubba' karena dia sudah masuk Islam. (Riwayat Ahmad)

Tubba' adalah sebutan bagi raja-raja Himyar di Yaman. Kaumnya disebut kaum Tubba'. Mereka berbuat dosa yang melampaui batas sehingga negeri mereka dihancurkan Allah. Namun sebahagian kaumnya masih hidup mengembara ke negeri-negeri sekitarnya. Pada mulanya mereka adalah kaum yang mempunyai kemampuan dan ilmu yang cukup tinggi serta mempunyai balatentara yang cukup kuat. Kalau dibandingkan dengan orang Tubba', orang-orang kafir Mekah jauh ketinggalan dari orang Tubba'. Allah menyatakan bahwa orang-orang kafir Mekah itu tidak lebih baik keadaannya dari kaum 'Ad dan Samud. Kedua kaum ini juga dibinasakan Allah karena kesombongan dan pengingkaran mereka terhadap adanya hari kebangkitan.

Pada akhir ayat ini, Allah menandaskan bahwa pada umat-umat terdahulu itu telah berlaku sunatullah. Mereka semua dibinasakan karena mereka telah tenggelam dalam lumpur kemaksiatan. Kejadian itu seharusnya menjadi pelajaran bagi orang-orang kafir Mekah seandainya mereka mau mengambil pelajaran. Dalam ayat yang lain, Allah menegaskan sunah-Nya ini. Allah berfirman:

Sebagai sunatullah yang (berlaku juga) bagi orang-orang yang telah terdahulu sebelum(mu), dan engkau tidak akan mendapati perubahan pada sunnah Allah. (al-Ahzab/33: 62)