Surah Yunus 10:98

Belief at the Time of Punishment did not help except with the People of Yunus

Allah asked, `did any town from the previous nations, believe in its entirety when they received the Messengers All of the Messengers that We sent before you, O Muhammad, were denied by their people or the majority of their people.' Allah said,

(Alas for mankind! There never came a Messenger to them but they used to mock at him.)(36:30)

(Likewise, no Messenger came to those before them but they said: "A sorcerer or a madman!")(51:52) and

(And similarly, We sent not a warner before you to any town (people) but the luxurious ones among them said: "We found our fathers following a certain way and religion, and we will indeed follow their footsteps.")(43:23) As found in the authentic Hadith,

(The Prophets were displayed before me. There was a Prophet who passed with a group of people, and a Prophet who passed with only one man, a Prophet with two men, and a Prophet with no one.) Then he mentioned the mulititude of followers that Musa had, peace be upon him, then that he saw his nation of people filling from the west to the east. The point is that between Musa and Yunus, there was no nation, in its entirety, that believed except the people of Yunus, the people of Naynawa (Nineveh). And they only believed because they feared that the torment from which their Messenger warned them, might strike them. They actually witnessed its signs. So they cried to Allah and asked for help. They engaged in humility in invoking Him. They brought their children and cattle and asked Allah to lift the torment from which their Prophet had warned them. As a result, Allah sent His mercy and removed the scourge from them and gave them respite. Allah said:

(Except the people of Yunus; when they believed, We removed from them the torment of disgrace in the life of the world, and permitted them to enjoy for a while.) In interpreting this Ayah, Qatadah said: "No town has denied the truth and then believed when they saw the scourge, and then their belief benefited them, with the exception of the people of Yunus. When they lost their Prophet and they thought that the scourge was close upon them, Allah sent through their hearts the desire to repent. So they wore woolen fabrics and they separated each animal from its offspring. They then cried out to Allah for forty nights. When Allah saw the truth in their hearts and that they were sincere in their repentance and regrets, He removed the scourge from them." Qatadah said: "It was mentioned that the people of Yunus were in Naynawa, the land of Mosul." This was also reported from Ibn Mas`ud, Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr and others from the Salaf.

Ayat ini menerangkan bahwa sikap yang paling baik dilakukan oleh suatu kaum ialah bila seorang rasul menyeru kepada mereka untuk beriman kepada Allah dengan mengemukakan bukti-bukti kebenaran seruannya, lalu mereka berkenan menyambut seruan rasul itu dengan beriman dan melaksanakan risalah yang dibawanya. Iman yang seperti itu adalah iman yang bermanfaat dan menguntungkan, karena itu dilakukan di saat seseorang dalam keadaan mampu memikul beban yang dipikulkan Allah kepadanya (taklif). Iman itu tidak berfaedah bagi seseorang bila dia dalam keadaan tidak taklif, seperti iman Firaun di saat ia akan tenggelam di tengah lautan dan seperti iman orang-orang kafir di saat mereka diazab dalam neraka. Iman di saat itu tidak diterima lagi.

Kaum Nabi Yunus adalah kaum yang beriman dalam keadaan taklif, sehingga iman itu berfaedah bagi mereka. Nabi Yunus diutus kepada penduduk kota Nainawa (Ninive), untuk menyampaikan agama Allah, tetapi mereka mengingkari seruan itu. Yunus menerangkan kepada mereka bahwa jika mereka tidak juga beriman, Allah akan menurunkan azab kepada mereka setelah tiga hari. Pada hari ketiga, Yunus menghindar dari negeri itu. Pada pagi hari yang dijanjikan itu, mereka melihat tanda akan kedatangan azab itu. Oleh karena itu, mereka mencari Yunus, tetapi Yunus tidak mereka temui. Lalu mereka berkumpul bersama keluarga dan binatang ternak mereka di tengah lapang memohon kepada Allah agar azab yang dijanjikan itu tidak ditimpakan kepada mereka dan mereka menyatakan iman kepada-Nya. Allah menerima tobat mereka dan membatalkan penurunan azab kepada mereka. Kemudian Allah memberikan kepada mereka kesenangan hidup sampai akhir hayat mereka, sebagai balasan dari keimanan mereka.