Surah As-Saffat 37:90

فَتَوَلَّوْاْ عَنْهُ مُدْبِرِينَ

(So they turned away from him and departed.) Qatadah said, "The Arabs say of one who thinks deeply that he is looking at the stars." What Qatadah meant is that he looked at the heavens thinking of a way to distract his people. So he said,

إِنِّى سَقِيمٌ

(Verily, I am sick.) meaning, weak. Ibn Jarir narrated here a Hadith from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, stating that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

«لَمْ يَكْذِبْ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ غَيْرَ ثَلَاثَ كَذَبَاتٍ: ثِنْتَيْنِ فِي ذَاتِ اللهِ تَعَالَى، قَوْلُهُ:

إِنِّى سَقِيمٌ

وَقَوْلُهُ:

بَلْ فَعَلَهُ كَبِيرُهُمْ هَـذَا

وَقَوْلُهُ فِي سَارَّةَ: هِيَ أُخْتِي»

(Ibrahim (peace and blessings be upon him) did not lie except in three cases. Two were for the sake of Allah: (one is) when he said, (Verily, I am sick); and (the second) when he said, (Nay, this one, the biggest (his wife) of them (idols) did it.) and (the third) when he said concerning (his wife) Sarah, "She is my sister.") This Hadith is recorded in the books of the Sahih and Sunan with various chain of narrations. But this is not the kind of real lie for which a person is to be condemned -- Allah forbid! One calls it a lie for lack of a better word, because it is abstruse speech used for a legitimate religious purpose, and it was said that what was meant by the words,

إِنِّى سَقِيمٌ

(Verily, I am sick) was, `I am sick at heart of your worshipping idols instead of Allah.' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "The people of Ibrahim went out to their festival and they wanted to make him go out too. So he lay down on his back and said,

إِنِّى سَقِيمٌ

(Verily, I am sick.) and he started looking at the sky. When they had gone out, he turned to their gods and broke them." This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim. Allah said:

فَتَوَلَّوْاْ عَنْهُ مُدْبِرِينَ

(So they turned away from him and departed.) meaning, he went to them after they had left, quickly and secretly.

فَقَالَ أَلا تَأْكُلُونَ

(and said: "Will you not eat") They had placed food before them as a sacrifice, so that the food might be blessed. When Ibrahim, peace be upon him, looked at the food that was before them, he said:

فَرَاغَ إِلَى ءَالِهَتِهِمْ فَقَالَ أَلا تَأْكُلُونَ - مَا لَكُمْ لاَ تَنطِقُونَ

(Will you not eat What is the matter with you that you speak not)

فَرَاغَ عَلَيْهِمْ ضَرْباً بِالْيَمِينِ

(Then he turned upon them, striking (them) with (his) right hand.) Al-Farra' said, "This means, he started to hit them with his right hand." Qatadah and Al-Jawhari said, "He turned to them, hitting them with his right hand." He struck them with his right hand because the right hand is stronger and more powerful. Then he left them broken to pieces, (all) except the biggest of them, that they might turn to it, as we have already seen in the Tafsir of Surat Al-Anbiya'.

فَأَقْبَلُواْ إِلَيْهِ يَزِفُّونَ

(Then they came hastily towards him.) Mujahid and others said, "This means, they came rushing. The story is told in brief here; in Surat Al-Anbiya', it is told in more detail. When they returned, they did not know at first who had done this, until they investigated and found out that Ibrahim, peace be upon him, was the one who had done it. When they came to rebuke him, he started rebuking and criticizing them and said:

أَتَعْبُدُونَ مَا تَنْحِتُونَ

(Worship you that which you carve) meaning, `do you worship instead of Allah idols which you yourselves carve and fashion with your own hands'

وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ وَمَا تَعْمَلُونَ

(While Allah has created you and what you make!) This may mean, `Allah has created you and what you do;' or it may mean, `Allah has created you and what you make.' Both views are synonymous. The former is more apparent because of the report recorded by Al-Bukhari in the Book Af`al Al-`Ibad from Hudhayfah, attributed to the Prophet :

«إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَصْنَعُ كُلَّ صَانِعٍ وَصَنْعَتَه»

(Allah has created every doer of deeds and what he does.) Thereupon he recited:

وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ وَمَا تَعْمَلُونَ

(While Allah has created you and what you make!) When the proof had been established against them, they resolved to seize him by force and they said:

ابْنُواْ لَهُ بُنْيَـناً فَأَلْقُوهُ فِى الْجَحِيمِ

(Build for him a building (i.e., furnace) and throw him into the blazing fire!) There happened what we have already discussed in our Tafsir of Surat Al-Anbiya', (21:68-70) and Allah saved him from the fire and caused him to prevail over them, making his proof supreme and supporting it. Allah says:

فَأَرَادُواْ بِهِ كَيْداً فَجَعَلْنَـهُمُ الاٌّسْفَلِينَ

(So, they plotted a plot against him, but We made them the lowest.)

Kemudian Ibrahim melayangkan pandangannya ke bintang-bintang dengan berpikir secara mendalam bagaimana menghadapi kaumnya yang tetap bersikeras untuk menyembah patung, hanya dengan alasan mempertahankan warisan nenek moyang. Padahal, beliau sudah memberikan peringatan dan pengajaran kepada mereka, sebagaimana firman Allah:

(Ingatlah), ketika dia (Ibrahim) berkata kepada ayahnya dan kaumnya, "Patung-patung apakah ini yang kamu tekun menyembahnya?" Mereka menjawab, "Kami mendapati nenek moyang kami menyembahnya." (al-Anbiya'/21: 52-53)

Sesudah berpikir dan mempertimbangkan dengan sungguh-sungguh, beliau memutuskan untuk mengambil tindakan yang bahaya, yaitu menghancurkan semua patung sembahan itu.

Pada suatu saat, kaum Ibrahim datang untuk mengundangnya guna menghadiri hari besar mereka. Beliau menolak ajakan mereka secara halus dengan alasan kesehatannya terganggu. Selain untuk menghindari hadir dalam hari besar mereka, Nabi Ibrahim bermaksud melaksanakan rencananya untuk menghancurkan patung-patung, dan menyatakan perlawanan secara terbuka terhadap pemuja patung-patung itu. Kaumnya tidak mengetahui rencana Nabi Ibrahim itu dan tidak pula mencurigainya. Juga tidak tampak pada sikapnya bahwa dia tidak jujur dalam perkataannya. Dengan demikian, upacara hari besar mereka berlangsung tanpa hadirnya Ibrahim. Alasan terganggu kesehatannya untuk tidak menghadiri undangan kaumnya, padahal sebenarnya dia tidak sakit, tidaklah dipandang dusta yang terlarang dalam agama. Bahwa Ibrahim membohongi kaumnya memang benar. Rasulullah bersabda:

Nabi Ibrahim tidak berbohong kecuali tiga perkataan, dua di antaranya tentang zat Allah, yaitu kata-katanya "Saya sedang sakit" dan "sebenarnya yang besar ini yang memecahkannya", dan kata-katanya mengenai istrinya Sarah "ini saudaraku". (Riwayat A.hmad dan asy-Syaikhan dari Abu Hurairah)

Kata-kata Nabi Ibrahim bahwa kesehatannya terganggu yang diucapkan di hadapan kaumnya sebenarnya untuk menghindari kehadirannya pada upacara hari besar kaumnya.

Ibrahim berkata, "Sesungguhnya kami dan bapak-bapakku berada dalam kesesatan yang nyata". Mereka menjawab, "Apakah kamu datang kepada kami dengan sungguh-sungguh ataukah kamu termasuk orang-orang yang bermain-main?" Ibrahim berkata, "Sebenarnya Tuhan kamu adalah Tuhan langit dan bumi yang telah Dia ciptakan dan aku termasuk orang-orang yang dapat memberikan bukti atas yang demikian itu. Demi Allah, sesungguhnya aku akan melakukan tipu daya terhadap berhala-berhalamu sesudah kamu pergi meninggalkannya."

Dalam perayaan hari besar itu, Nabi Ibrahim mempergunakan kesempatan untuk menghancurkan patung-patung kaumnya. Kata-kata Ibrahim bahwa patung yang paling besar ini yang memecahkannya, diucapkan sewaktu dia diperiksa oleh kaumnya tentang perkara penghancuran patung. Sebenarnya dia sendiri yang memecahkan patung itu, tetapi dikatakan patung yang paling besarlah yang menghancurkannya, padahal kaumnya menyadari bahwa patung-patung itu tidak dapat berbuat apa-apa.

Kedua ucapan Ibrahim diucapkan dalam rangka perjuangannya menegakkan kalimat tauhid. Adapun ucapan yang ketiga, yaitu "Sarah itu saudaraku" padahal sebenarnya istrinya, diucapkan di hadapan raja ketika raja menginginkan Sarah.

Dengan demikian, ketiga perkataan yang diucapkan Ibrahim itu bukanlah kebohongan yang tercela dalam pandangan agama dan masyarakat. Rasulullah saw menjelaskan bahwa ketiga perkataan Nabi Ibrahim itu dibenarkan agama, seperti sabda Nabi saw:

Rasulullah bersabda tentang tiga perkataan Ibrahim dengan mengatakan bahwa tidak ada suatu dusta pun kecuali hal-hal yang dibenarkan agama Allah. (Riwayat at-Tirmidzi dari Abu Sa'id)