Surah Ad-Dukhan 44:3

Which was revealed in Makkah

In Musnad Al-Bazzar, it is recorded from Abu At-Tufayl `Amir bin Wathilah from Zayd bin Harithah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Ibn Sayyad:

«إِنِّي قَدْ خَبَأْتُ خَبْأً فَمَا هُوَ؟»

(I am concealing something, what is it) And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was concealing Surat Ad-Dukhan from him. He (Ibn Sayyad) said: "It is Ad-Dukh." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«اخْسَأْ مَا شَاءَ اللهُ (كَانَ)»

(Be off with you! Whatever Allah wills happens.)

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

The Qur'an was revealed on Laylatul-Qadr

Allah tells us that He revealed the Magnificent Qur'an on a blessed night, Laylatul-Qadr (the Night of Decree), as He says elsewhere:

إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَـهُ فِى لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ

(Verily, We have sent it down in the Night of Al-Qadr) (97:1). This was in the month of Ramadan, as Allah tells us:

شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِى أُنزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ

(The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur'an) (2:185). We have already quoted the relevant Hadiths in (the Tafsir of) Surat Al-Baqarah, and there is no need to repeat them here.

إِنَّا كُنَّا مُنذِرِينَ

(Verily, We are ever warning.) means, telling them what is good for them and what is harmful for them, according to Shari`ah, so that the proof of Allah may be established against His servants.

فِيهَا يُفْرَقُ كُلُّ أَمْرٍ حَكِيمٍ

(Therein (that night) is decreed every matter, Hakim.) means, on Laylatul-Qadr, the decrees are transferred from Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz to the (angelic) scribes who write down the decrees of the (coming) year including life span, provision, and what will happen until the end of the year. This was narrated from Ibn `Umar, Mujahid, Abu Malik, Ad-Dahhak and others among the Salaf.

حَكِيمٌ

(Hakim) means decided or confirmed, which cannot be changed or altered. Allah says:

أَمْراً مِّنْ عِنْدِنَآ

(As a command from Us.) meaning, everything that happens and is decreed by Allah and the revelation that He sends down -- it all happens by His command, by His leave and with His knowledge.

إِنَّا كُنَّا مُرْسِلِينَ

(Verily, We are ever sending,) means, to mankind, sending Messenger who will recite to them the clear signs of Allah. The need for this was urgent.

رَحْمَةً مِّن رَّبِّكَ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ رَّبُّ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا

((As) a mercy from your Lord. Verily, He is the All-Hearer, the All-Knower. The Lord of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them,) means, the One Who sent down the Qur'an is the Lord, Creator and Sovereign of the heavens and the earth and everything in between them.

إِن كُنتُمْ مُّوقِنِينَ

(if you (but) have a faith with certainty.) Then Allah says:

لاَ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ يُحْىِ وَيُمِيتُ رَبُّكُمْ وَرَبُّ ءَابَآئِكُمُ الاٌّوَّلِينَ

(La ilaha illa Huwa. He gives life and causes death -- your Lord and the Lord of your forefathers.) This is like the Ayah:

قُلْ يَأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا الَّذِى لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ يُحْىِ وَيُمِيتُ

(Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allah -- to Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. La ilaha illa Huwa. He gives life and causes death...) (7:158)

Allah menerangkan bahwa Dia telah menurunkan Al-Qur'an pada malam yang dikenal dengan malam "Lailatul Qadar" untuk memperingatkan hamba-Nya dan supaya mereka takut kepada siksa-Nya, dan pada malam itu Dia telah memerinci semua hal yang bermanfaat bagi hamba-Nya di dunia dan di akhirat. Dia adalah Tuhan semesta alam yang mengatur langit dan bumi dan yang ada di antara keduanya.

Tidak ada yang tersembunyi bagi Allah tentang hal ihwal hamba-Nya, hidup dan mati mereka adalah di tangan-Nya. Dialah Tuhan mereka dan Tuhan nenek moyang mereka, tetapi mereka masih juga ragu setelah kebenaran itu nyata dan jelas. Firman Allah:

Sesungguhnya Kami telah menurunkannya (Al-Qur'an) pada malam qadar. Dan tahukah kamu apakah malam kemuliaan itu?Malam kemuliaan itu lebih baik daripada seribu bulan. (al-Qadr/97: 1-3)

Peristiwa turunnya Al-Qur'an itu terjadi pada bulan Ramadan sebagaimana firman Allah:

Bulan Ramadan adalah (bulan) yang di dalamnya diturunkan Al-Qur'an, (al-Baqarah/2: 185)

Dari hadis Nabi:

Dari Watsilah bin al-Asqa' bahwa Rasulullah saw bersabda: shuhuf Ibrahim diurunkan pada malam pertama bulan Ramadan, Taurat diturunkan pada tanggal 6 Ramadan, Zabur pada malam 12 Ramadan, Injil pada malam 18 Ramadan dan Al-Qur'an diturunkan pada malam 24 Ramadan. (Riwayat Ahmad, ath-thabrani, dan al-Baihaqi)

Allah menurunkan Al-Qur'an untuk memberitahukan kepada manusia tentang hal-hal yang bermanfaat untuk diamalkan dan hal-hal yang akan mencelakakan mereka, supaya mereka menjauhinya, untuk menjadi hujah bagi Allah atas hamba-Nya.