Surah Yusuf 12:20

Yusuf is Rescued from the Well and sold as a Slave

Allah narrates what happened to Yusuf, peace be upon him, after his brothers threw him down the well and left him in it, alone, where he remained for three days, according to Abu Bakr bin `Ayyash. Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "After Yusuf's brothers threw him down the well, they remained around the well for the rest of the day to see what he might do and what would happen to him. Allah sent a caravan of travelers that camped near that well, and they sent to it the man responsible for drawing water for them. When he approached the well, he lowered his bucket down into it, Yusuf held on to it and the man rescued him and felt happy,

يبُشْرَى هَـذَا غُلاَمٌ

("What good news! Here is a boy.") Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas commented, "Allah's statement,

وَأَسَرُّوهُ بِضَـعَةً

(So they hid him as merchandise), is in reference to Yusuf's brothers, who hid the news that he was their brother. Yusuf hid this news for fear that his brothers might kill him and preferred to be sold instead. Consequently, Yusuf's brothers told the water drawer about him and that man said to his companions,

يبُشْرَى هَـذَا غُلاَمٌ

("What good news! Here is a boy."), a slave whom we can sell. Therefore, Yusuf's own brothers sold him." Allah's statement,

وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ

(And Allah was the All-Knower of what they did. ) states that Allah knew what Yusuf's brothers, and those who bought him, did. He was able to stop them and prevent them from committing their actions, but out of His perfect wisdom He decreed otherwise. He let them do what they did, so that His decision prevails and His appointed destiny rules,

أَلاَ لَهُ الْخَلْقُ وَالاٌّمْرُ تَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَـلَمِينَ

(Surely, His is the creation and commandment. Blessed is Allah, the Lord of the all that exists!) 7:54 This reminds Allah's Messenger Muhammad ﷺ, that Allah has perfect knowledge in the persecution that his people committed against him and that He is able to stop them. However, He decided to give them respite, then give Muhammad ﷺ the victory and make him prevail over them, just as He gave Yusuf victory and made him prevail over his brothers. Allah said next,

وَشَرَوْهُ بِثَمَنٍ بَخْسٍ دَرَهِمَ مَعْدُودَةٍ

(And they sold him for a Bakhs price, - for a few Dirhams) in reference to Yusuf's brothers selling him for a little price, according to Mujahid and `Ikrimah. `Bakhs' means decreased, just as Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,

فَلاَ يَخَافُ بَخْساً وَلاَ رَهَقاً

(shall have no fear, either of a Bakhs (a decrease in the reward of his good deeds) or a Rahaq (an increase in the punishment for his sins).) 72:13 meaning that Yusuf's brothers exchanged him for a miserably low price. Yet, he was so insignificant to them that had the caravan people wanted him for free, they would have given him for free to them! Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and Ad-Dahhak said that,

وَشَرَوْهُ

(And they sold him), is in reference to Yusuf's brothers. They sold Yusuf for the lowest price, as indicated by Allah's statement next,

دَرَهِمَ مَعْدُودَةٍ

(for a few Dirhams), twenty Dirhams, according to `Abdullah bin Mas`ud. Similar was said by Ibn `Abbas, Nawf Al-Bikali, As-Suddi, Qatadah and `Atiyah Al-`Awfi, who added that they divided the Dirhams among themselves, each getting two Dirhams. Ad-Dahhak commented on Allah's statement,

وَكَانُواْ فِيهِ مِنَ الزَهِدِينَ

(And they were of those who regarded him insignificant.) "Because they had no knowledge of his prophethood and glorious rank with Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored."

Akhirnya sampailah kafilah itu ke Mesir dan di sana mereka jual Yusuf dengan harga yang murah sekali dibanding dengan mahalnya harga budak di negeri itu, apalagi Yusuf adalah seorang anak yang tampan dan segar bugar.

Para mufasir mengatakan tentang "beberapa dirham yang dihitung" bahwa yang pasti harganya kurang dari 40 dirham karena menurut adat kebiasaan di sana bila uang itu jumlahnya 40 dirham atau lebih, maka uang itu tidak dihitung lagi tetapi ditimbang. Mereka menjual Yusuf dengan harga yang begitu murah karena mereka khawatir kalau-kalau ada orang yang tahu bahwa Yusuf bukan budak, mengapa ia diperjualbelikan sedang dia adalah anak yang merdeka, anak orang baik. Karena kekhawatiran itulah mereka ingin cepat-cepat berlepas diri dari dia, asal mereka diberi uang berapa pun jumlahnya cukuplah bagi mereka. Rupanya sudah ditakdirkan Allah mereka menjual Yusuf kepada seorang penguasa yang amat berpengaruh di Mesir yaitu menteri yang kaya yang disebut al-Aziz agar dia mendapatkan kesempatan untuk menaiki kekuasaan dan kemuliaan.