Surah Taha 20:47

Musa's fear of Fir`awn and Allah's strengthening Him

Allah, the Exalted, informs that Musa and Harun pleaded to Allah, expressing their grievance to him:

إِنَّنَا نَخَافُ أَن يَفْرُطَ عَلَيْنَآ أَوْ أَن يَطْغَى

(Verily, we fear lest he should hasten to punish us or lest he should transgress.) They meant that Fir`awn might seize them unexpectedly with a punishment, or transgress against them by tormenting them, when they actually did not deserve it. Ad-Dahhak reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said that transgress here means, "To exceed the bounds."

قَالَ لاَ تَخَافَآ إِنَّنِى مَعَكُمَآ أَسْمَعُ وَأَرَى

(He (Allah) said: "Fear not, verily, I am with you both, hearing and seeing.") meaning; "Do not fear him (Fir`awn), for verily, I am with you and I hear your speech and his speech as well. I see your place and I see his place as well. Nothing is hidden from Me of your affair. Know that his forehead is in My Hand, and he does not speak, breathe, or use any force, except by My leave and after My command. I am with you by My protection, My help and My support."

فَأْتِيَاهُ فَقُولاَ إِنَّا رَسُولاَ رَبِّكَ

(So go you both to him, and say: "Verily, we are both Messengers of your Lord...")

Musa admonishes Fir`awn

Concerning his statement,

قَدْ جِئْنَـكَ بِـَايَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّكَ

(indeed, We have come with a sign from your Lord!) meaning with evidence and a miracle from your Lord.

وَالسَّلَـمُ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى

(And peace will be upon him who follows the guidance!) meaning, `peace be upon you if you follow the guidance.' Because of this, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote a letter to Heraclius, the emperor of Rome, beginning with,

«بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ، مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللهِ إِلَى هِرَقْلَ عَظِيمِ الرُّومِ، سَلَامٌ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدى، أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنِّي أَدْعُوكَ بِدِعَايَةِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَأَسْلِمْ تَسْلَمْ يُؤْتِكَ اللهُ أَجْرَكَ مَرَّتَيْن»

(In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, to Heraclius the emperor of Rome. Peace be upon him who follows the guidance. Thus, to proceed: Verily, I invite you with the invitation of Islam. So accept Islam and you will be safe, and Allah will give you a double reward.) Due to this, Musa and Harun said to Fir`awn,

فَأْتِيَاهُ فَقُولاَ إِنَّا رَسُولاَ رَبِّكَ فَأَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ وَلاَ تُعَذِّبْهُمْ قَدْ جِئْنَـكَ بِـَايَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّكَ وَالسَّلَـمُ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى - إِنَّا قَدْ أُوحِىَ إِلَيْنَآ أَنَّ الْعَذَابَ عَلَى مَن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّى

(And peace will be upon him who follows the guidance! Truly, it has been revealed to us that the torment will be for him who denies, and turns away.) In His flawless revelation, Allah has revealed to us that torment is prepared exclusively for those who reject the signs of Allah and turn away from His obedience. As Allah says,

فَأَمَّا مَن طَغَى - وَءاثَرَ الْحَيَوةَ الدُّنْيَا - فَإِنَّ الْجَحِيمَ هِىَ الْمَأْوَى

(Then for him who transgressed all bounds, and preferred the life of this world, Verily, his abode will be Hellfire.) 79:37-39 Allah, the Exalted, also says,

فَأَنذَرْتُكُمْ نَاراً تَلَظَّى - لاَ يَصْلَـهَآ إِلاَّ الاٌّشْقَى - الَّذِى كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّى

(Therefore I have warned you of a blazing Fire. None shall enter it save the most wretched. Who denies and turns away.) 92:14-16 Allah also says,

فَلاَ صَدَّقَ وَلاَ صَلَّى - وَلَـكِن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّى

(So he neither believed nor prayed! But on the contrary, he belied and turned away.) 75:31-32 This means that he denied with his heart and turned away by his actions.

Allah memerintahkan lagi supaya Musa dan Harun a.s. pergi kepada Firaun dan memberitahukan bahwa mereka berdua adalah Rasul Allah yang diutus kepadanya untuk menyampaikan risalah yang hak supaya Firaun mengetahui kedudukan dan tugas keduanya. Sebelum Musa dan Harun mengajak Firaun beriman kepada Allah, keduanya meminta kepada Firaun, supaya dia membebaskan Bani Israil dari penyiksaan dan penindasannya, membebaskan dari kerja berat, seperti menggali, membangun, mengangkat batu, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Firaun agar membiarkan Bani Israil pergi ke Palestina.

Sesudah itu barulah Musa dan Harun a.s. menjelaskan tugas dan ke-wajiban dari Allah bahwa keduanya datang untuk menjelaskan hujjah-hujjah dan bukti-bukti yang nyata atas kebenaran kerasulan mereka. Kebahagiaan, kesejahteraan di dunia dan di akhirat bagi orang-orang yang taat kepada rasul-rasul Allah, dan mempercayai tanda-tanda kekuasaan-Nya, serta menjauhi hal-hal yang buruk dan menyesatkan. Ucapan seperti tersebut dipergunakan juga oleh Nabi Muhammad ketika mengirim surat berisi dakwah ke Heraclius raja Rumawi, sebagai berikut:

"Dengan nama Allah Yang Maha Pemurah lagi Maha Penyayang. Dari Muhammad hamba dan utusan Allah kepada Heraclius, penguasa negeri Romawi. Keselamatan dilimpahkan kepada orang yang mengikuti petunjuk. Adapun sesudah itu, sesungguhnya saya menyerumu kepada Islam. Anutlah agama Islam supaya engkau selamat, Allah akan memberimu pahala dua kali lipat." (Riwayat al-Bukhari dan Muslim dari Ibnu 'Abbas)