Surah Saba 34:31

How the Disbelievers have agreed in this World to deny the Truth,and how They will dispute with One Another on the Day ofResurrection

Allah tells us about the excessive wrongdoing and stubbornness of the disbelievers, and their insistence on not believing in the Holy Qur'an and what it tells them about the Resurrection. Allah says:

وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَن نُّؤْمِنَ بِهَـذَا الْقُرْءَانِ وَلاَ بِالَّذِى بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ

(And those who disbelieve say: "We believe not in this Qur'an nor in that which was before it.") Allah threatens them and warns them of the humiliating position they will be in before Him, arguing and disputing with one another:

يَرْجِعُ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ الْقَوْلَ يَقُولُ الَّذِينَ اسْتُضْعِفُواْ

(how they will cast the (blaming) word one to another! Those who were deemed weak) this refers to the followers --

لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُواْ

to those who were arrogant -- this refers to the leaders and masters --

لَوْلاَ أَنتُمْ لَكُنَّا مُؤْمِنِينَ

(Had it not been for you, we should certainly have been believers!) meaning, `if you had not stopped us, we would have followed the Messengers and believed in what they brought.' Their leaders and masters, those who were arrogant, will say to them:

أَنَحْنُ صَدَدنَـكُمْ عَنِ الْهُدَى بَعْدَ إِذْ جَآءَكُمْ

(Did we keep you back from guidance after it had come to you) meaning, `we did nothing more to you than to call you, and you followed us without any evidence or proof, and you went against the evidence and proof which the Messengers brought because of your own desires; it was your own choice.' They will say:

بَلْ كُنتُمْ مُّجْرِمِينَوَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اسْتُضْعِفُواْ لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُواْ بَلْ مَكْرُ الَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ

("...Nay, but you were criminals." Those who were deemed weak will say to those who were arrogant: "Nay, but it was your plotting by night and day...") meaning, `you used to plot against us night and day, tempting us with promises and false hopes, and telling us that we were truly guided and that we were following something, but all of that was falsehood and manifest lies.' Qatadah and Ibn Zayd said:

بَلْ مَكْرُ الَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ

(Nay, but it was your plotting by night and day,) means, "You plotted by night and day." Malik narrated something similar from Zayd bin Aslam.

إِذْ تَأْمُرُونَنَآ أَن نَّكْفُرَ بِاللَّهِ وَنَجْعَلَ لَهُ أَندَاداً

(when you ordered us to disbelieve in Allah and set up rivals to Him!) means, `to set up gods as equal to Him, and you created doubts and confusion in our minds, and you fabricated far-fetched ideas with which to lead us astray.'

وَأَسَرُّواْ النَّدَامَةَ لَمَّا رَأَوُاْ الْعَذَابَ

(And each of them (parties) will conceal their own regrets, when they behold the torment.) means, both the leaders and the followers will feel regret for what they did previously.

وَجَعَلْنَا الاٌّغْلَـلَ فِى أَعْنَاقِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ

(And We shall put iron collars round the necks of those who disbelieved.) This is a chain which will tie their hands to their necks.

هَلْ يُجْزَوْنَ إِلاَّ مَا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ

(Are they requited aught except what they used to do) means, they will be punished according to their deeds: the leaders will be punished according to what they did, and the followers will be punished according to what they did.

قَالَ لِكُلٍّ ضِعْفٌ وَلَـكِن لاَّ تَعْلَمُونَ

(He will say: "For each one there is double (torment), but you know not.") (7:38). Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

«إِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمَّا سِيقَ إِلَيْهَا أَهْلُهَا تَلَقَّاهُمْ لَهَبُهَا، ثُمَّ لَفَحَتْهُمْ لَفْحَةً فَلَمْ يَبْقَ لَحْمٌ إِلَّا سَقَطَ عَلَى الْعُرْقُوب»

(When the people of Hell are driven towards it, it will meet them with its flames, then the Fire will burn their faces and the flesh will all fall to their hamstrings.)"

وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا فِى قَرْيَةٍ مِّن نَّذِيرٍ إِلاَّ قَالَ مُتْرَفُوهَآ إِنَّا بِمَآ أُرْسِلْتُمْ بِهِ كَـفِرُونَ - وَقَالُواْ نَحْنُ أَكْثَـرُ أَمْوَلاً وَأَوْلَـداً وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمُعَذَّبِينَ - قُلْ إِنَّ رَبِّى يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيَقْدِرُ وَلَـكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ - وَمَآ أَمْوَلُكُمْ وَلاَ أَوْلَـدُكُمْ بِالَّتِى تُقَرِّبُكُمْ عِندَنَا زُلْفَى إِلاَّ مَنْ ءَامَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَـلِحاً فَأُوْلَـئِكَ لَهُمْ جَزَآءُ الضِّعْفِ بِمَا عَمِلُواْ وَهُمْ فِى الْغُرُفَـتِ ءَامِنُونَ - وَالَّذِينَ يَسْعَوْنَ فِى ءَايَـتِنَا مُعَـجِزِينَ أُوْلَـئِكَ فِى الْعَذَابِ مُحْضَرُونَ

Pada ayat ini, Allah menerangkan bagaimana mendalamnya keingkaran orang-orang musyrik terhadap agama yang dibawa oleh Nabi Muhammad dengan agama samawi lainnya yang dibawa oleh para rasul sebelumnya. Mereka menyatakan tekad tidak akan beriman kepada Al-Qur'an dan kitab-kitab yang diturunkan Allah kepada para rasul-Nya. Bagi orang-orang yang bertekad seperti ini tidak ada suatu dalil atau bukti pun yang dapat mereka terima, walaupun bukti itu kuat, nyata, dan dapat diterima oleh akal yang sehat atau pikiran yang jernih.

Hati mereka telah dipenuhi dengan fanatisme yang keras sehingga semua yang bertentangan dengan paham mereka adalah salah, sesat, dan sama sekali tidak dapat diterima. Pernah kaum musyrik Mekah bertanya kepada Ahli Kitab tentang bagaimana ciri-ciri dan sifat-sifat Muhammad saw dan apakah hal itu disebutkan dalam kitab mereka. Sebagian Ahli Kitab menerangkan ciri-ciri dan sifat-sifat Muhammad saw. Mereka juga mengatakan bahwa mungkin Muhammad saw itu memang seorang rasul utusan Tuhan. Bagi orang yang hatinya bersih dan tidak dikotori oleh kesombongan dan fanatik buta, jawaban ini akan menginsafkan mereka dan menjadikan mereka berpikir. Tetapi, jawaban itu membuat mereka menjadi marah dan menolak mentah-mentah keterangan para Ahli Kitab itu dan tidak mau memercayainya. Memang batin mereka telah ditutup untuk menerima kebenaran sebagaimana disebut dalam firman Allah:

Allah telah mengunci hati dan pendengaran mereka, penglihatan mereka telah tertutup, dan mereka akan mendapat azab yang berat. (al-Baqarah/2: 7)

Oleh karena tidak ada bukti yang dapat menginsafkan mereka, dan yang patut dikemukakan kepada mereka ialah ancaman yang keras, maka pada ayat-ayat ini diceritakan bagaimana keadaan orang-orang kafir itu dan para pemimpin mereka di akhirat nanti ketika berdiri di hadapan Allah. Pada waktu itu, orang-orang kafir itu sadar bahwa mereka telah sesat. Mereka menoleh kepada pemimpin mereka dan berkata, "Kalau tidak karena tindakanmu terhadap kami di dunia, tentu kami tidak akan mengalami hal seperti ini. Kami tentu telah beriman kepada Muhammad saw dan termasuk hamba Allah yang diridai-Nya."