Surah Muhammad 47:30

Exposing the Hidden Secret of the Hypocrites Allah says ...

(Or do those in whose hearts is disease think that Allah would never expose their ill--wills) meaning, do the hypocrites think that Allah will not expose their affair to His believing servant Yes indeed, He will expose their affair and manifest it so that those with insight will be able to understand it. In that regard, Allah revealed Surah Bara'ah (or At-Tawbah), in which He clarified the hypocrites' scandals, and pinpointed their practices that are indicative of their hypocrisy. Because of that, this Surah (Surah Bara'ah) is also called "The Exposer". Adghan is the plural of Dighn, which means what the souls harbor of envy and hatred toward Islam and its people who support it. Allah then says,

(Had We so willed, We could have shown them clearly to you, so that you would know them by their marks.) Allah is telling His Messenger , "Had We willed, O Muhammad, We would have shown you the specific individuals who are hypocrites, so that you would plainly know them." However, Allah did not do that in regard to all of the hypocrites. He conceals His creation, lets their affairs run according to apparent purity, and leaves the inner secrets to the One Who is well aware of them. Allah then adds,

(But you will know them by the tone of their speech!) which means, `you will know them by their speech that reveals their intentions.' A person declares his association through the context and meaning of his words -- as the Commander of the faithful `Uthman bin `Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "Never would one conceal a secret but Allah will expose it by the look on his face and the uncontrolled words of his tongue." Allah then says,

(And We will surely try you) meaning, `We will surely test you with commands and prohibitions.'

(until We know those who strive among you and the patient, and We will put to a test all your affairs.) There is absolutely no doubt that Allah's knowledge precedes the occurrence of all events. In this Ayah, "until We know" means `until We know of its occurrence.' This is why Ibn `Abbas said in regard to this and similar texts, "Except so that We may know, means, so that We may see."

Pada ayat ini, Allah menyatakan kepada Rasulullah saw, "Hai Muhammad, jika Kami menghendaki untuk memperkenalkan kepadamu pribadi-pribadi orang munafik itu sehingga kamu mengenal seorang demi seorang berdasarkan tanda-tanda yang ada pada mereka, tentulah tidak sukar bagi Kami melakukannya. Akan tetapi, Kami tidak berbuat demikian, agar keluarga mereka yang beriman kepada Kami tidak mereka aniaya. Sekalipun demikian, kamu dapat mengetahui orang-orang munafik itu dengan memperhatikan ungkapan-ungkapan dan cara-cara mereka berbicara. Mereka tidak mau berbicara secara tegas dan jelas, melainkan selalu memakai isyarat dan sindiran serta kiasan yang kurang jelas maksudnya, dan mereka berbuat dan bertindak tidak sesuai dengan apa yang mereka katakan.

Pada masa Rasulullah saw, orang munafik bila berbicara selalu menggunakan kata-kata yang muluk-muluk dan menyenangkan hati pendengarnya, tetapi dalam hati mereka terkandung maksud jahat. Al-Kalbi berkata, "Setelah ayat ini turun, Rasulullah mengetahui orang-orang munafik bila mereka berbicara dengan beliau. Sedangkan Anas r.a. mengatakan, "Allah memberitahukan orang-orang munafik kepada Rasulullah dengan perantara wahyu atau dengan tanda-tanda yang ditampakkannya kepada beliau."

Sehubungan dengan orang-orang munafik, 'Utsman bin 'Affan berkata, "Tidak ada suatu rahasia yang tersembunyi dalam hati seseorang, kecuali Allah menampakkannya pada air muka dan ucapan lahirnya."

Pada akhir ayat ini, Allah menyatakan bahwa keadaan orang mukmin tidak sama dengan orang munafik. Dia akan membalas amal perbuatan orang mukmin sesuai dengan maksud dan niatnya masing-masing, karena Allah mengetahui amal perbuatan mereka.