Surah 40 · 40:25
Surah Ghafir 40:25
Ghafir · The Forgiver
فَلَ
Falamma jaahum bilhaqqimin AAindina qaloo oqtuloo abnaa allatheenaamanoo maAAahu wastahyoo nisaahumwama kaydu alkafireena illa fee dalal
And when he brought them the truth from Us, they said, "Kill the sons of those who have believed with him and keep their women alive." But the plan of the disbelievers is not except in error.
Maka ketika dia (Musa) datang kepada mereka membawa kebenaran dari Kami, mereka berkata, "Bunuhlah anak-anak laki-laki dari orang-orang yang beriman bersama dia dan biarkan hidup perempuan-perempuan mereka." Namun tipu daya orang-orang kafir itu sia-sia belaka.
Tafsir
Ibn Kathir (Abridged)
The Story of Musa and Fir`awn
Allah consoles His Prophet Muhammad ﷺ for the disbelief of his people and gives him the glad tidings of good consequences and victory in this world and the Hereafter, as happened to Musa bin `Imran, peace be upon him, whom Allah sent with clear proof and definitive evidence. Allah says:
بِـَايَـتِنَا وَسُلْطَانٍ مُّبِينٍ
(with Our Ayat, and a manifest authority). Authority means proof and evidence.
إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ
(to Fir`awn), who was the king of the Copts of Egypt.
وَهَـمَـنَ
(Haman) who was his adviser.
وَقَـشرُونَ
(and Qarun) who was the richest trader among the people of his time.
فَقَالُواْ سَـحِرٌ كَـذَّابٌ
(but they called (him): "A sorcerer, liar!") means, they rejected him and thought he was a sorcerer, a madman and an illusionist who was telling lies about having been sent by Allah. This is like the Ayah:
كَذَلِكَ مَآ أَتَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ مِّن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ قَالُواْ سَـحِرٌ أَوْ مَجْنُونٌ - أَتَوَاصَوْاْ بِهِ بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ طَـغُونَ
(Likewise, no Messenger came to those before them but they said: "A sorcerer or a madman!" Have they transmitted this saying to these Nay, they are themselves a people transgressing beyond bounds!) (51:52-53)
فَلَمَّا جَآءَهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ مِنْ عِندِنَا
(Then, when he brought them the Truth from Us,) means, with definite evidence that Allah had sent him to them,
قَالُواْ اقْتُلُواْ أَبْنَآءَ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُ وَاسْتَحْيُواْ نِسَآءَهُمْ
(they said: "Kill with him the sons of those who believe and let their women live;) This was a second command from Fir`awn to kill the males of the Children of Israel. The first command had been as a precaution against the emergence of a man like Musa, or an act intended to humiliate this people or reduce their numbers or both. The second command was for the second reason, to humiliate the people so that they would regard Musa as a bad omen. they said:
أُوذِينَا مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَأْتِيَنَا وَمِن بَعْدِ مَا جِئْتَنَا قَالَ عَسَى رَبُّكُمْ أَن يُهْلِكَ عَدُوَّكُمْ وَيَسْتَخْلِفَكُمْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ فَيَنظُرَ كَيْفَ تَعْمَلُونَ
("We (Children of Israel) had suffered troubles before you came to us, and since you have come to us." He said: "It may be that your Lord will destroy your enemy and make you successors on the earth, so that He may see how you act") (7:129). Qatadah said, this was one command after another.
وَمَا كَـيْدُ الْكَـفِرِينَ إِلاَّ فِى ضَلَـلٍ
(but the plots of disbelievers are nothing but in vain!) means, their schemes and intentions -- to reduce the numbers of the Children of Israel lest they prevail over them -- were doomed to failure.
وَقَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ ذَرُونِى أَقْتُلْ مُوسَى وَلْيَدْعُ رَبَّهُ
(Fir`awn said: "Leave me to kill Musa, and let him call his Lord!...") Fir`awn, may Allah curse him, resolved to kill Musa, peace be upon him, i.e., he said to his people, `let me kill him for you.'
وَلْيَدْعُ رَبَّهُ
(and let him call his Lord!) means, `I do not care.' This is the utmost in offensive stubbornness.
إِنِّى أَخَافُ أَن يُبَدِّلَ دِينَكُـمْ أَوْ أَن يُظْهِرَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ الْفَسَادَ
(I fear that he may change your religion, or that he may cause mischief to appear in the land!) means, Musa; Fir`awn was afraid that Musa would lead his people astray and change their ways and customs. As if Fir`awn would be concerned about what Musa might do to his people! The majority understood this as meaning, `he will change your religion and cause mischief to appear in the land.'
وَقَالَ مُوسَى إِنِّى عُذْتُ بِرَبِّى وَرَبِّكُـمْ مِّن كُلِّ مُتَكَبِّرٍ لاَّ يُؤْمِنُ بِيَوْمِ الْحِسَابِ
(Musa said: "Verily, I seek refuge in my Lord and your Lord from every arrogant who believes not in the Day of Reckoning!") means, when he heard that Fir`awn had said,
ذَرُونِى أَقْتُلْ مُوسَى
(Leave me to kill Musa,) Musa, peace be upon him, said, "I seek refuge and protection with Allah from his evil and the evil of those like him." So he said:
إِنِّى عُذْتُ بِرَبِّى وَرَبِّكُـمْ
(Verily, I seek refuge in my Lord and your Lord) -- those who were being addressed here --
مِّن كُلِّ مُتَكَبِّرٍ
(from every arrogant) means, from every evildoer,
لاَّ يُؤْمِنُ بِيَوْمِ الْحِسَابِ
(who believes not in the Day of Reckoning!) It was reported in the Hadith narrated from Abu Musa, may Allah be pleased with him, that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was afraid of some people, he would say:
«اللْهُمَّ إِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شُرُورِهِمْ، وَنَدْرَأُ بِكَ فِي نُحُورِهِم»
(O Allah, we seek refuge in You from their evil and we seek Your help in repulsing them.)
Tafsir Kemenag RI
Nabi Musa menjelaskan kepada Fir'aun, Haman, dan Karun tentang Allah sebagai Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dan kewajiban manusia untuk beriman dan berbuat baik, serta tentang kerasulan-Nya. Akan tetapi, mereka marah sekali. Mereka tidak mau menerima apa yang disampaikan Nabi Musa karena bertentangan dengan kepercayaan yang sudah ditanamkan kepada penduduk Mesir bahwa Tuhan itu adalah Fir'aun. Juga karena ajaran yang dibawa Nabi Musa bisa membahayakan kekuasaan dan kedudukan mereka. Lalu mereka memerintahkan agar anak-anak laki-laki Bani Israil dibunuh dan membiarkan hidup anak-anak perempuan mereka.
Perintah membunuh anak-anak laki-laki Bani Israil itu adalah perintah kedua. Perintah pertama dikeluarkan Fir'aun atas nasihat ahli-ahli nujumnya yang menakwil mimpinya bahwa dari kalangan Bani Israil akan lahir seorang anak laki-laki yang akan menggulingkannya dan meruntuhkan kerajaannya. Maksud pembunuhan itu adalah untuk melemahkan Bani Israil, karena kaum laki-laki mereka akan habis, sedangkan kaum perempuan mereka akan dapat dikuasai. Juga bertujuan untuk memusnahkan etnis Bani Israil dari bumi Mesir karena mereka bisa mengalahkan penduduk asli Mesir sendiri. Akan tetapi, Allah mempunyai rencana lain. Dengan rencana-Nya, Allah justru membuat Musa yang masih bayi diasuh dan dibesarkan di istana Fir'aun sendiri sebagai anaknya. Setelah dewasa, Musa harus keluar dari Mesir karena jiwanya terancam akibat membunuh seorang Mesir.
Perintah kedua pembunuhan setiap bayi laki-laki Bani Israil ini dikeluarkan Fir'aun setelah Nabi Musa kembali ke Mesir sebagai nabi yang diperintahkan Allah untuk menyadarkan Fir'aun dan mengajaknya untuk beriman. Menurut Ibnu Katsir, tujuan Fir'aun hendak membunuh anak laki-laki Bani Israil itu adalah untuk menanamkan rasa tidak puas di kalangan para pengikut Nabi Musa sendiri terhadapnya. Sebab dengan ancaman pembunuhan kedua kali itu, berarti Nabi Musa telah mengakibatkan dua kali kesulitan bagi mereka, pertama ketika Nabi Musa belum lahir dan kedua setelah beliau menjadi nabi yang menyeru Fir'aun. Dalam pikiran Fir'aun, bila Bani Israil tidak puas kepadanya, maka Nabi Musa akan dikalahkan oleh bangsanya sendiri. Kemungkinan itu dikisahkan dalam Al-Qur'an:
Mereka (kaum Musa) berkata,"Kami telah ditindas (oleh Fir'aun) sebelum engkau datang kepada kami dan setelah engkau datang." (Musa) menjawab, "Mudah-mudahan Tuhanmu membinasakan musuhmu dan menjadikan kamu khalifah di bumi; maka Dia akan melihat bagaimana perbuatanmu." (al-A.'raf/7: 129).
Akan tetapi, maksud itu tidak tercapai. Rencana kedua kalinya untuk membunuhi anak-anak laki-laki Bani Israil gagal total, karena Allah menurunkan berbagai musibah sebagai azab-Nya, seperti datangnya topan dahsyat, munculnya serangan belalang, kutu, katak, dan air yang berubah menjadi darah (lihat al-A.'raf/7: 133). Maksud untuk menghalang-halangi manusia dari beriman kepada Nabi Musa dan ajaran yang disampaikannya juga tidak berhasil, karena kebenaran tidak mungkin ditampik dan kehendak Allah pasti terjadi sebagaimana difirmankan-Nya:
Allah telah menetapkan, "Aku dan rasul-rasul-Ku pasti menang." Sungguh, Allah Mahakuat, Mahaperkasa. (al-Mujadilah/58: 21)
Tafsir is bundled locally for static rendering. Verify redistribution rights for Ibn Kathir and Tafsir Kemenag before production release.
Word by word
فَلَمَّا
falammā
Then when
جَآءَهُم
jāahum
he brought to them
بِٱلۡحَقِّ
bil-ḥaqi
the truth
مِنۡ
min
from
عِندِنَا
ʿindinā
Us
قَالُواْ
qālū
they said
ٱقۡتُلُوٓاْ
uq'tulū
Kill
أَبۡنَآءَ
abnāa
(the) sons
ٱلَّذِينَ
alladhīna
(of) those who
ءَامَنُواْ
āmanū
believe
مَعَهُۥ
maʿahu
with him
وَٱسۡتَحۡيُواْ
wa-is'taḥyū
and let live
نِسَآءَهُمۡۚ
nisāahum
their women
وَمَا
wamā
And not
كَيۡدُ
kaydu
(is the) plot
ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ
l-kāfirīna
(of) the disbelievers
إِلَّا
illā
but
فِي
fī
in
ضَلَٰلٖ
ḍalālin
error