Surah Ghafir 40:21

The Severe Punishment for the Disbelievers

(Have they not traveled), `these people who disbelieve in your Message, O Muhammad,'

(in the land and seen what was the end of those who were before them) means, the nations of the past who disbelieved in their Prophets (peace be upon them), for which the punishment came upon them even though they were stronger than Quraysh.

(and in the traces in the land.) means, they left behind traces in the earth, such as structures, buildings and dwellings which these people i.e., the Quraysh cannot match. This is like the Ayat:

(And indeed We had firmly established them with that wherewith We have not established you!) (46:26)

(and they tilled the earth and populated it in greater numbers than these have done) (30:9). Yet despite this great strength, Allah punished them for their sin, which was their disbelief in their Messengers.

(And none had they to protect them from Allah.) means, they had no one who could protect them or ward off the punishment from them. Then Allah mentions the reason why He punished them, and the sins which they committed. Allah says:

(That was because there came to them their Messengers with clear evidences) meaning with clear proof and definitive evidence.

(but they disbelieved.) means, despite all these signs, they disbelieved and rejected the Message.

(So Allah seized them.) means, He destroyed them utterly, and a similar fate awaits the disbelievers.

(Verily, He is All-Strong, Severe in punishment) means, He is possessed of great strength and might.

(Severe in punishment, ) means, His punishment is severe and agonizing; we seek refuge with Allah, may He be blessed and exalted, from that.

Dalam ayat ini, kaum kafir Mekah yang mengingkari kebenaran risalah Nabi Muhammad diminta untuk mendatangi puing-puing peninggalan sejarah umat-umat terdahulu yang telah dimusnahkan Allah. Mereka dapat menyaksikannya setiap kali melewati tempat tersebut dalam perjalanan dagang ke utara atau selatan. Mereka adalah bangsa-bangsa yang lebih kuat fisiknya daripada kaum kafir Mekah, misalnya kaum 'Ad, kaum Samud, dan lain-lain. Di samping lebih kuat secara fisik, mereka juga dikaruniai Allah kemakmuran, penduduk yang banyak, keunggulan dalam membangun, keahlian dalam pertanian, dan sebagainya sehingga mereka maju dan berkebudayaan tinggi. Akan tetapi, kemajuan dan kebudayaan tinggi yang mereka miliki itu membuat mereka sombong dan lupa daratan lalu mendustai para rasul yang diutus kepada mereka, bahkan di antara para rasul itu ada yang mereka lukai bahkan dibunuh. Karena dosa dan perlakuan di luar batas itulah, Allah menjatuhkan hukuman kepada mereka. Pertanian mereka dihancurkan, bangunan-bangunan megah diluluhlantakkan, dan harta benda dimusnahkan, sehingga mereka menderita dan sengsara. Tidak ada yang dapat menghentikan kehancuran yang mereka alami, dan tidak ada yang dapat menolong mereka dari penderitaan. Hal itu hendaknya menjadi pelajaran bagi kaum kafir Mekah, dan siapa saja yang datang sesudah mereka, bahwa manusia yang ingkar pastilah dihukum Allah, baik di dunia maupun di akhirat.