Surah Ghafir 40:19

Warning of the Day of Resurrection and Allah's judgement on that Day

`The Day that is drawing near' is one of the names of the Day of Judgement. It is so called because it is close, as Allah says:

(The Day of Resurrection draws near. None besides Allah can avert it) (53:57-58)

(The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft asunder) (54:1)

(Draws near for mankind their reckoning) (21:1),

(The Event (the Hour) ordained by Allah will come to pass, so seek not to hasten it) (16:1),

(But when they will see it approaching, the faces of those who disbelieve will change and turn black with sadness and in grief) (67:27), and

(when the hearts will be at the throats Kazimin. ) Qatadah said, "When the hearts reach the throats because of fear, and they will neither come out nor go back to their places." This was also the view of `Ikrimah, As-Suddi and others.

(Kazimin) means silent, for no one will speak without His permission:

(The Day that Ar-Ruh (Jibril) and the angels will stand forth in rows, they will not speak except him whom the Most Gracious allows, and he will speak what is right.) (78:38). Ibn Jurayj said:

(Kazimin) "It means weeping."

(There will be no friend, nor an intercessor for the wrongdoers, who could be given heed to.) means, those who wronged themselves by associating others in worship with Allah, will have no relative to help them and no intercessor who can plead on their behalf; all means of good will be cut off from them.

(Allah knows the fraud of the eyes, and all that the breasts conceal.) Allah tells us about His complete knowledge which encompasses all things, great and small, major and minor, so that people will take note that He knows about them and they will have the proper sense of shyness before Allah. They will pay attention to the fact that He can see them, for He knows the fraud of the eyes, even if the eyes look innocent, and He knows what the hearts conceal. Ad-Dahhak said:

(the fraud of the eyes,) "A wink and a man saying that he has seen something when he has not seen it, or saying that he has not seen it when he did see it." Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "Allah knows when the eye looks at something, whether it wants to commit an act of betrayal or not." This was also the view of Mujahid and Qatadah. Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, commented on the Ayah:

(and all that the breasts conceal.)"He knows, if you were able to, whether you would commit Zina with a woman or not." As-Suddi said:

(and all that the breasts conceal.) meaning, of insinuating whispers.

(And Allah judges with truth, ) means, He judges with justice. Al-A`mash narrated from Sa`id bin Jubayr from Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, that this Ayah means: "He is able to reward those who do good with good and those who do evil with evil."

(Certainly, Allah! He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer.) This is how it was interpreted by Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him. This is like the Ayah:

(that He may requite those who do evil with that which they have done, and reward those who do good, with what is best) (53:31).

(while those to whom they invoke besides Him,) means, the idols and false gods,

(cannot judge anything.) means, they do not possess anything and they cannot judge anything.

(Certainly, Allah! He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer.) means, He hears all that His creatures say and He knows all about them, so He guides whomsoever He wills and sends astray whomsoever He wills. And He judges with perfect justice in all of that.

Pada ayat ini, Allah menerangkan bahwa Dia mengetahui penglihatan mata yang khianat dan pandangan yang curang. Mata yang khianat adalah penglihatan mata pada hal-hal yang diharamkan dengan sembunyi-sembunyi agar tidak diketahui orang lain.

Ibnu 'Abbas memberikan contoh penglihatan mata seorang yang khianat, sebagaimana diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Abi hatim, Ibnu Abi Syaibah, dan Ibnu al-Mundzir bahwa seseorang berada di tengah-tengah kaumnya, maka lewatlah di dekat mereka seorang perempuan. Ia memperlihatkan kepada kaumnya bahwa ia memejamkan matanya dan tidak melihat wanita yang lewat itu. Kalau kaumnya tidak memerhatikannya, ia membuka matanya melihat wanita itu. Tetapi kalau kaumnya melihat dia, ia menunduk lagi menyembunyikan pandangannya. Allah mengetahui bahwa di dalam hati laki-laki itu tersembunyi niat ingin melihat aurat wanita yang lewat itu. Firman Allah:

Dan Allah Maha Mengetahui segala isi hati. (at-Tagabun/64: 4)

Dan firman-Nya:

Katakanlah, "Jika kamu sembunyikan apa yang ada dalam hatimu atau kamu nyatakan, Allah pasti mengetahuinya." (ali 'Imran/3: 29)

Kalau yang tersembunyi seperti bisikan hati diketahui oleh Allah, tentunya lebih-lebih lagi yang nyata dan ada di sekitar kita, yang ada di langit dan di bumi, yang diturunkan dari langit dan apa yang naik daripadanya sebagaimana firman Allah:

¦ Dia mengetahui apa yang di hadapan mereka dan apa yang di belakang mereka¦ (al-Baqarah/2: 255)

Dan firman-Nya:

Dia mengetahui apa yang di langit dan di bumi, dan mengetahui apa yang kamu rahasiakan dan apa yang kamu nyatakan. (at-Tagabun/64: 4)

Dan firman-Nya lagi:

Dia mengetahui apa yang masuk ke dalam bumi, apa yang keluar darinya, apa yang turun dari langit dan apa yang naik kepadanya. (Saba'/34: 2)