Surah Fussilat 41:23

On the Day of Judgement, the Sinners' Limbs will testify against Them

وَيَوْمَ يُحْشَرُ أَعْدَآءُ اللَّهِ إِلَى النَّارِ فَهُمْ يُوزَعُونَ

(And (remember) the Day that the enemies of Allah will be gathered to the Fire, then they will be driven.) means, remind these idolators of the Day when they will be gathered to the Fire and they will be driven, i.e., the keepers of Hell will gather the first of them with the last of them, as Allah says elsewhere:

وَنَسُوقُ الْمُجْرِمِينَ إِلَى جَهَنَّمَ وِرْداً

(And We shall drive the criminals to Hell, in a thirsty state) (19:86). n

حَتَّى إِذَا مَا جَآءُوهَا

(Till, when they reach it,) means, when they stand at its edge,

شَهِدَ عَلَيْهِمْ سَمْعُهُمْ وَأَبْصَـرُهُمْ وَجُلُودُهُم بِمَا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ

(their hearing (ears) and their eyes and their skins will testify against them as to what they used to do.) means, all their deeds, earlier and later; not a single letter will be concealed.

وَقَالُواْ لِجُلُودِهِمْ لِمَ شَهِدتُّمْ عَلَيْنَا

(And they will say to their skins, "Why do you testify against us") they will blame their limbs and their skins when they testify against them, at which point their limbs will answer:

قَالُواْ أَنطَقَنَا اللَّهُ الَّذِى أَنطَقَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ وَهُوَ خَلَقَكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ

(They will say: "Allah has caused us to speak -- as He causes all things to speak, and He created you the first time,) means, and He cannot be opposed or resisted, and to Him you will return. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar narrated that Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ laughed and smiled one day, and said:

«أَلَا تَسْأَلُونِّي عَنْ أَيِّ شَيْءٍ ضَحِكْتُ؟»

(Will you not ask about why I laughed)" They said, "O Messenger of Allah, why did you laugh" He said:

«عَجِبْتُ مِنْ مُجَادَلَةِ الْعَبْدِ رَبَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَقُولُ: أَيْ رَبِّي أَلَيْسَ وَعَدْتَنِي أَنْ لَا تَظْلِمَنِي، قَالَ: بَلَى، فَيَقُولُ: فَإِنِّي لَا أَقْبَلُ عَلَيَّ شَاهِدًا إِلَّا مِنْ نَفْسِي، فَيَقُولُ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: أَوَلَيْسَ كَفَى بِي شَهِيدًا وَبِالْمَلَائِكَةِ الْكِرَام الْكَاتِبِينَ قال : فَيُرَدِّدُ هذَا الْكَلَامَ مِرَارًا قال : فَيُخْتَمُ عَلى فِيهِ وَتَتَكَلَّمُ أَرْكَانُهُ بِمَا كَانَ يَعْمَلُ، فَيَقُولُ: بُعْدًا لَكُنَّ وَسُحْقًا، عَنْكُنَّ كُنْتُ أُجَادِل»

(I was amazed at how a servant will dispute with his Lord on the Day of Resurrection. He will say, "My Lord, did You not promise me that you would not treat me unjustly" Allah will say, "Yes." The man will say, "I will not accept any witness against me except from myself." Allah will say, "Is it not sufficient that I and the angels, the noble scribes, are witnesses" These words will be repeated several times, then a seal will be placed over his mouth and his organs (or limbs) will speak about what he used to do. Then he will say, "Away with you! It was only for your sake that I was arguing!")" It was recorded by him and Ibn Abi Hatim. It was also recorded by Muslim and An-Nasa'i. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Abu Burdah said that Abu Musa said, "The disbeliever or the hypocrite will be called to account and his Lord will show him his deeds, but he will deny them and say, `O Lord, by Your glory, this angel has written about me something that I did not do.' The angel will say to him, `Did you not do such and such on such and such a day in such and such a place' He will say, `No, by Your glory O Lord, I did not do it.' When he does that, a seal will be placed over his mouth." Al-Ash`ari, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "I think that the first part of his body to speak will be his right thigh." Allah's saying:

وَمَا كُنتُمْ تَسْتَتِرُونَ أَن يَشْهَدَ عَلَيْكُمْ سَمْعُكُمْ وَلاَ أَبْصَـرُكُمْ وَلاَ جُلُودُكُمْ

(And you have not been hiding yourselves (in the world), lest your ears and your eyes and your skins should testify against you;) means, their organs and skins will say to them, when they blame them for testifying against them, `you did not hide from us what you used to do, on the contrary, you openly committed disbelief and sin, and you claimed that you did not care, because you did not believe that Allah knew about all your deeds.' Allah says:

وَلَـكِن ظَنَنتُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَعْلَمُ كَثِيراً مِّمَّا تَعْمَلُونَوَذَلِكُمْ ظَنُّكُمُ الَّذِى ظَنَنتُم بِرَبِّكُمْ أَرْدَاكُمْ

(but you thought that Allah knew not much of what you were doing. And that thought of yours which you thought about your Lord, has brought you to destruction;) meaning, `this evil thought, i.e., your belief that Allah did not know much of what you were doing, is what has caused you to be doomed and has made your losers before your Lord.'

فَأَصْبَحْتُمْ مِّنَ الُخَـسِرِينَ

(and you have become of those utterly lost!) means, `in the place of Resurrection, you have lost your own selves and your families.' Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "I was hiding beneath the covering of the Ka`bah, and three men came along -- a man from the Quraysh and two of his brothers-in-law from Thaqif, or a man from Thaqif and two of his brothers-in-law from the Quraysh. Their bellies were very fat, and did not have much understanding. They said some words I could not hear, then one of them said, `Do you think that Allah can hear what we are saying now' The other said, `If we raise our voices, He will hear it, but if we do not raise our voices, He will not hear it.' The other said, `If He can hear one thing from us, He can hear everything.' I mentioned this to the Prophet , then Allah revealed the words:

وَمَا كُنتُمْ تَسْتَتِرُونَ أَن يَشْهَدَ عَلَيْكُمْ سَمْعُكُمْ وَلاَ أَبْصَـرُكُمْ وَلاَ جُلُودُكُمْ

(And you have not been hiding yourselves (in the world), lest your ears and your eyes and your skins should testify against you) until;

مِّنَ الْخَـسِرِينَ

(of those utterly lost!) This is how it was recorded by At-Tirmidhi. A similar report was also narrated by Ahmad (through a different chain), Muslim and At-Tirmidhi, and Al-Bukhari and Muslim also recorded (a different chain).

فَإِن يَصْبِرُواْ فَالنَّارُ مَثْوًى لَّهُمْ وَإِن يَسْتَعْتِبُواْ فَمَا هُم مِّنَ الْمُعْتَبِينَ

(Then, if they bear the torment patiently, then the Fire is the home for them, and if they seek to please Allah, yet they are not of those who will ever be allowed to please Allah.) means, whether they bear it patiently or not, they are in the Fire and they will have no escape or way out from it, and even if they try to please Allah and offer excuses, nothing of that will be accepted from them. Ibn Jarir said, "The meaning of the Ayah,

وَإِن يَسْتَعْتِبُواْ

(and if they seek to please Allah,) is: They will ask to go back to this world, but this plea will not be answered. This is like the Ayah:

قَالُواْ رَبَّنَا غَلَبَتْ عَلَيْنَا شِقْوَتُنَا وَكُنَّا قَوْماً ضَآلِّينَ - رَبَّنَآ أَخْرِجْنَا مِنْهَا فَإِنْ عُدْنَا فَإِنَّا ظَـلِمُونَ - قَالَ اخْسَئُواْ فِيهَا وَلاَ تُكَلِّمُونِ

(They will say: "Our Lord! Our wretchedness overcame us, and we were (an) erring people. Our Lord! Bring us out of this. If ever we return (to evil), then indeed we shall be wrongdoers." He will say: "Remain you in it with ignominy! And speak you not to Me!")" (23:106-108).

Dugaan orang-orang kafir bahwa Allah tidak mengetahui dan tidak melihat perbuatan-perbuatan buruk yang dilakukannya adalah persangkaan yang tidak baik. Persangkaan yang demikian akan menimbulkan keberanian untuk melakukan perbuatan-perbuatan terlarang, sehingga berakibat kerugian pada diri sendiri. Akibat persangkaan yang demikian itu, mereka akan mendapat kerugian dan kehinaan di dunia dan azab pedih di akhirat nanti.

Dari ayat ini, dapat dipahami bahwa sangkaan yang baik ialah meyakini bahwa Allah mengetahui segala perbuatan hamba-Nya sejak dari yang halus sampai kepada yang besar, sejak dari yang nampak sampai kepada yang tersembunyi, dan Allah mengetahui segala isi hatinya.

Jika seseorang telah memercayai yang demikian, maka ia selalu meneliti segala yang akan diperbuatnya, mana yang diridai Allah dan mana yang tidak diridai-Nya. Ia akan menghentikan serta menjauhkan diri dari segala perbuatan yang tidak diridai Allah, karena ia telah yakin bahwa Allah melihat dan mengetahui semua perbuatannya itu.

Diriwayatkan oleh Ahmad, Muslim, Abu Dawud., dan Ibnu Majah dari Jabir bin 'Abdullah:

Rasulullah saw bersabda, "Kamu jangan sekali-kali mati kecuali berbaik sangka kepada Allah. (Riwayat Ahmad, Muslim, Abu Dawud, dan Ibnu Majah)

Para ulama berpendapat bahwa sangkaan itu ada dua macam: pertama, sangkaan yang baik, yaitu menyangka bahwa Allah mempunyai rahmat, keutamaan, dan kebaikan yang akan dilimpahkan-Nya kepada manusia, sebagaimana tersebut dalam hadis Qudsi:

Allah berfirman, "Aku menuruti sangkaan hamba-Ku kepada-Ku."(Riwayat Muslim dari Anas)

Kedua, sangkaan yang jelek, yaitu menyangka bahwa Allah tidak mengetahui segala perbuatan hamba-hamba-Nya.

Menurut Qatadah, sangkaan itu ada dua macam, yaitu: pertama, sangkaan yang menyelamatkan seperti yang diterangkan firman Allah:

Sesungguhnya aku yakin, bahwa (suatu saat) aku akan menerima perhitungan terhadap diriku. (al-haqqah/69: 20)

Dan firman Allah:

(Yaitu) mereka yang yakin, bahwa mereka akan menemui Tuhannya, dan bahwa mereka akan kembali kepada-Nya. (al-Baqarah/2: 46)

Kedua, sangkaan yang merusak, seperti yang diterangkan firman Allah ini.

Umar bin Khaththab berkata tentang ayat ini, "Mereka adalah orang-orang yang terus-menerus berbuat maksiat, tidak bertobat dari perbuatan itu, dan mereka berdebat tentang ampunan Tuhan, sehingga mereka meninggalkan dunia tidak membawa apa-apa." Kemudian Umar membaca ayat ini.

Al-hasan al-Bashri berkata, "Sesungguhnya satu kaum yang diperdaya oleh angan-angannya yang kosong sehingga mereka meninggal dunia, dan tiadalah mereka mempunyai suatu kebaikan pun. Salah seorang dari mereka berkata, 'Sesungguhnya aku berbaik sangka terhadap Tuhanku. Sesungguhnya ia telah berdusta. Jika baik sangkaannya, tentu baik pula amalnya." Kemudian Al-hasan al-Bashrimembaca ayat ini.