Surah 35 · 35:42
Surah Fatir 35:42
Fatir · Originator
وَأَ
Waaqsamoo billahi jahda aymanihimla-in jaahum natheerun layakoonunna ahda minihda al-omami falamma jaahum natheerunma zadahum illa nufoora
And they swore by Allāh their strongest oaths that if a warner came to them, they would be more guided than [any] one of the [previous] nations. But when a warner came to them, it did not increase them except in aversion
Dan mereka bersumpah atas nama Allah dengan sungguh-sungguh bahwa jika datang kepada mereka seorang pemberi peringatan, niscaya mereka akan lebih mendapat petunjuk daripada umat-umat (yang lain). Tetapi ketika pemberi peringatan datang kepada mereka, tidak menambah (apa-apa) kepada mereka, bahkan semakin jauh mereka dari (kebenaran),
Tafsir
Ibn Kathir (Abridged)
They longed for a Warner to come, but when He came, They disbelieved in Him
Allah tells us how Quraysh and the Arabs swore by Allah their most binding oath before the Messenger came to them,
لَئِن جَآءَهُمْ نَذِيرٌ لَّيَكُونُنَّ أَهْدَى مِنْ إِحْدَى الاٍّمَمِ
(that if a warner came to them, they would be more guided than any of the nations;) i.e., than any of the nations to whom Messengers had been sent. This was the view of Ad-Dahhak and others. This is like the Ayat:
أَن تَقُولُواْ إِنَّمَآ أُنزِلَ الْكِتَـبُ عَلَى طَآئِفَتَيْنِ مِن قَبْلِنَا وَإِن كُنَّا عَن دِرَاسَتِهِمْ لَغَـفِلِينَ أَوْ تَقُولُواْ لَوْ أَنَّآ أُنزِلَ عَلَيْنَا الْكِتَـبُ لَكُنَّآ أَهْدَى مِنْهُمْ فَقَدْ جَآءَكُمْ بَيِّنَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةٌ فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّن كَذَّبَ بِآيَـتِ اللَّهِ وَصَدَفَ عَنْهَا
(Lest you (pagan Arabs) should say: "The Book was sent down only to two sects before us, and for our part, we were in fact unaware of what they studied." Or lest you should say: "If only the Book had been sent down to us, we would surely have been better guided than they." So, now has come unto you a clear proof from your Lord, and a guidance and a mercy. Who then does more wrong than one who rejects the Ayat of Allah and turns away therefrom) (6:156-157)
وَإِن كَانُواْ لَيَقُولُونَ - لَوْ أَنَّ عِندَنَا ذِكْراً مِّنَ الاٌّوَّلِينَ
لَكُنَّا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ الْمُخْلَصِينَ - فَكَفَرُواْ بِهِ فَسَوْفَ يَعْلَمُونَ
(And indeed they (Arab pagans) used to say: "If we had a reminder as had the men of old, We would have indeed been the chosen servants of Allah!" But they disbelieve therein, so they will come to know!) (37:167-170) Allah says:
فَلَمَّا جَآءَهُمْ نَذِيرٌ
(yet when a warner came to them,) -- meaning, Muhammad ﷺ with the Book revealed to him, i.e., the Clear Qur'an,
مَّا زَادَهُمْ إِلاَّ نُفُوراً
(it increased in them nothing but flight (from the truth).) means, they only increased in their disbelief. Then Allah explains this further:
اسْتِكْبَاراً فِى الاٌّرْضِ
((They took to flight because of their) arrogance in the land) means, they were too arrogant to follow the signs of Allah.
وَمَكْرَ السَّيِّىءِ
(and their plotting of evil.) means, they plotted to prevent people from following the path of Allah.
وَلاَ يَحِيقُ الْمَكْرُ السَّيِّىءُ إِلاَّ بِأَهْلِهِ
(But the evil plot encompasses only him who makes it.) means, the evil consequences of that will come back upon them and not on others.
فَهَلْ يَنظُرُونَ إِلاَّ سُنَّةَ آلاٌّوَّلِينَ
(Then, can they expect anything (else) but the Sunnah (way of dealing) of the peoples of old) meaning, the punishment of Allah for disbelieving in His Messengers and going against His command.
وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ اللَّهِ تَبْدِيلاً
(and no turning off will you find in Allah's Sunnah.) means, it does not change or alter, and this is what happens to every disbeliever.
وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ اللَّهِ تَحْوِيلاً
(and no turning off will you find in Allah's Sunnah.) means,
وَإِذَآ أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِقَوْمٍ سُوءًا فَلاَ مَرَدَّ لَهُ
(But when Allah wills a people's punishment, there can be no turning back of it) (13:11). This means, no one can remove that from them or ward it off from them. And Allah knows best.
Tafsir Kemenag RI
Orang-orang musyrik itu bersumpah dengan sepenuh hati, seandainya Allah mengirimkan seorang rasul yang memperingatkan kesesatan jalan pikiran dan kerusakan moral masyarakatnya, pasti merekalah yang paling mudah menerima petunjuk rasul itu, dibanding dengan umat mana pun yang pernah ada sebelum mereka. Penjelasan ayat ini diperkuat pula oleh ayat lain yang berbunyi:
Sekiranya di sisi kami ada sebuah kitab dari (kitab-kitab yang diturunkan) kepada orang-orang dahulu, tentu kami akan menjadi hamba Allah yang disucikan (dari dosa). Tetapi ternyata mereka mengingkarinya (Al-Qur'an); maka kelak mereka akan mengetahui (akibat keingkarannya itu). (ash-shaffat/37: 168-170)
Dalam Tafsir al-Khazin diriwayatkan bahwa orang-orang kafir Mekah ketika mengetahui Ahli Kitab (Yahudi dan Nasrani) mendustakan para rasul yang diutus kepada mereka, mereka pun bersumpah dengan nama Allah seandainya kepada mereka diutus pula rasul seperti yang pernah diutus kepada Bani Israil itu, tentulah mereka akan menjadi bangsa yang lebih banyak memperoleh petunjuk dibanding dengan kaum Yahudi dan Nasrani. Sikap demikian itu mereka tunjukkan sebelum Muhammad saw diutus sebagai rasul. Tetapi, setelah beliau betul-betul diutus ke tengah mereka, mereka pun mendustakannya sebagaimana sikap Ahli Kitab terhadap rasul-Nya. Untuk memperingatkan kaum Muslimin akan sikap orang-orang kafir yang telah memperoleh kebenaran murni tentang Nabi Muhammad dan risalahnya itu, Allah menurunkan ayat-ayat di atas.
Setelah impian mereka menjadi kenyataan, yakni dengan diutusnya Muhammad saw sebagai rasul di tengah masyarakat mereka untuk menyampaikan kebenaran dari Allah, yang tercantum dalam Al-Qur'an al-Karim, maka dengan serta merta mereka mendustakannya. Bahkan sikap keingkaran dan kesombongan mereka makin menjadi-jadi. Mereka bukannya makin dekat kepada kebenaran, bahkan semakin jauh dengan alasan menjaga kehormatan dan martabat kaumnya. Tegasnya, para pemimpin musyrik Mekah itu enggan mengikuti ajaran Nabi Muhammad. Keadaan mereka serupa dengan unta liar yang kabur, semakin dikejar oleh pemiliknya, semakin cepat larinya dan semakin tersesat jalannya, sehingga sukar ditangkap.
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Word by word
وَأَقۡسَمُواْ
wa-aqsamū
And they swore
بِٱللَّهِ
bil-lahi
by Allah
جَهۡدَ
jahda
(the) strongest
أَيۡمَٰنِهِمۡ
aymānihim
(of) their oaths
لَئِن
la-in
that if
جَآءَهُمۡ
jāahum
came to them
نَذِيرٞ
nadhīrun
a warner
لَّيَكُونُنَّ
layakūnunna
surely, they would be
أَهۡدَىٰ
ahdā
more guided
مِنۡ
min
than
إِحۡدَى
iḥ'dā
any
ٱلۡأُمَمِۖ
l-umami
(of) the nations
فَلَمَّا
falammā
But when
جَآءَهُمۡ
jāahum
came to them
نَذِيرٞ
nadhīrun
a warner
مَّا
mā
not
زَادَهُمۡ
zādahum
it increased them
إِلَّا
illā
but
نُفُورًا
nufūran
(in) aversion