Surah At-Tawbah 9:84

The Prohibition of Prayer for the Funeral of Hypocrites

Allah commands His Messenger to disown the hypocrites, to abstain from praying the funeral prayer when any of them dies, from standing next to his grave to seek Allah's forgiveness for him, or to invoke Allah for his benefit. This is because hypocrites disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger and died as such. This ruling applies to all those who are known to be hypocrites, even though it was revealed about the specific case of `Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, the chief hypocrite. Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Umar said, "When `Abdullah bin Ubayy died, his son, `Abdullah bin `Abdullah, came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and asked him to give him his shirt to shroud his father in, and the Messenger did that. He also asked that the Prophet offer his father's funeral prayer, and Allah's Messenger ﷺ stood up to offer the funeral prayer. `Umar took hold of the Prophet's robe and said, `O Allah's Messenger! Are you going to offer his funeral prayer even though your Lord has forbidden you to do so' Allah's Messenger ﷺ said,

«إِنَّمَا خَيَّرَنِي اللهُ فَقَالَ:

(I have been given the choice, for Allah says:

اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ أَوْ لاَ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ إِن تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً فَلَن يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ

(Whether you ask forgiveness for them (hypocrites), or do not ask for forgiveness for them. Even though you ask for their forgiveness seventy times, Allah will not forgive them.)

وَسَأَزِيدُهُ عَلَى السَّبْعِين»

(Verily, I will ask for forgiveness for him more than seventy times).' `Umar said, `He is a hypocrite!' So Allah's Messenger offered the funeral prayer and on that Allah revealed this Verse,

وَلاَ تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِّنْهُم مَّاتَ أَبَداً وَلاَ تَقُمْ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ

(And never (O Muhammad) pray (funeral prayer) for any of them (hypocrites) who dies, nor stand at his grave.)" `Umar bin Al-Khattab narrated a similar narration. In this narration, `Umar said, "The Prophet offered his funeral prayer, walked with the funeral procession and stood on his grave until he was buried. I was amazed at my daring to talk like this to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, while Allah and His Messenger have better knowledge. By Allah, soon afterwards, these two Ayat were revealed,

وَلاَ تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِّنْهُم مَّاتَ أَبَداً

(And never (O Muhammad ) pray (funeral prayer) for any of them (hypocrites) who dies.) Ever since this revelation came, the Prophet never offered the funeral prayer for any hypocrite nor stood on his grave until Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored, brought death to him." At-Tirmidhi collected this Hadith in his Tafsir section of his Sunan and said, "Hasan Sahih". Al-Bukhari also recorded it.

Dalam ayat ini Allah swt melarang menyalati jenazah orang-orang munafik. Juga melarang berdoa di atas kuburannya sesudah dikuburkan, seperti yang biasa dilakukan Rasulullah terhadap orang-orang mukmin yang sudah dikubur sebagaimana tersebut dalam hadis berikut:

Adalah Nabi apabila sesudah menguburkan seorang mayat, beliau berdiri di kubur itu seraya berkata, "Mintakanlah ampunan bagi saudaramu ini doakanlah agar dia tetap (dalam keimanan) sebab sekarang dia sedang ditanya." (Riwayat Abu Dawud dan al-Bazzar dari 'Utsman)

Peristiwa yang terjadi pada 'Abdullah bin Ubay ini cukup menggentarkan orang-orang munafik lainnya, suatu penghinaan yang cukup berat dijatuhkan atas diri mereka. Tetapi mereka masih tetap dalam kemunafikannya. Ini merupakan hukuman bagi mereka di dunia, sebab mereka selalu ingkar kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya. Mereka tergolong orang-orang yang fasik, terlampau berani mempermainkan perintah dan larangan Allah.

(85) Ayat ini hampir bersamaan bunyinya dengan ayat 55 dalam surah ini. Maka pada ayat ini Allah swt mengulangi lagi, agar kaum Muslimin jangan sampai terpengaruh oleh kekayaan dan harta benda orang-orang munafik itu. Begitu pula jangan sampai terpengaruh oleh anak-anak mereka. Kalau ada di antaranya mereka yang kaya, banyak harta, banyak anak dan keturunannya, semua itu tidaklah akan membahagiakan mereka dan tidak akan menyelamatkan mereka dari siksa Allah.

Semuanya itu akan menyusahkan mereka, menjadikan mereka teraniaya dan sengsara karenanya. Bagaimana mereka bersusah payah dalam mencari harta dan kekayaan itu, begitu pula mereka dibikin susah olehnya. Ada-ada saja peristiwa yang terjadi karena harta dan kekayaannya, dan anak-anak mereka cukup membuat mereka seolah-olah mendapat azab dunia. Maka harta dan kekayaan serta anak-anak mereka itu, bukan lagi menjadi nikmat, tetapi menjadi azab bagi mereka. Mereka tidak akan mendapat pertolongan sedikitpun dari harta dan anak-anaknya. Tidak ada manfaatnya sama sekali, dan akhirnya mereka mati dalam kekafiran.