Surah At-Talaq 65:2

Ordaining Kindness towards Divorced Women

Allah the Exalted says that when the woman who is in her `Iddah nears the end of the `Iddah term, the husband must decide to reconcile with her, thus keeping their marriage together,

بِمَعْرُوفٍ

(in a good manner) while being kind to her in their companionship. Otherwise, he must decide to divorce her on good terms, without abusing, cursing, or admonishing her. To the contrary, he should divorce her on good terms, observing kindness and good manners.

The Command to have Witnesses for the Return

Allah said,

وَأَشْهِدُواْ ذَوَى عَدْلٍ مِّنكُمْ

(And take as witness two just persons from among you.) meaning when taking her back, if this is your decision. Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah recorded that `Imran bin Husayn was asked about a man who divorced his wife and then had sexual intercourse with her, without notifying witnesses of when he divorced her and when he took her back. `Imran said, "His divorce and taking her back was in contradiction to the Sunnah. Incorporate the presence of witnesses for divorcing her and taking her back, and do not repeat your conduct." Ibn Jurayj said that `Ata' commented on the Ayah,

وَأَشْهِدُواْ ذَوَى عَدْلٍ مِّنكُمْ

(And take as witness two just persons from among you.) "It is not permissible to marry, divorce or take back the divorced wife except with two just witnesses, just as Allah the Exalted has said, except when there is a valid excuse." Allah's statement,

ذَلِكُمْ يُوعَظُ بِهِ مَن كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاٌّخِرِ

(That will be an admonition given to him who believes in Allah and the Last Day.) means, `this, Our command to you to have witnesses in such cases and to establish the witness, is implemented by those who believe in Allah and the Last Day.' This legislation is meant to benefit those who fear Allah's punishment in the Hereafter.

Allah provides, suffices, and makes a Way out of Every Hardship for Those Who have Taqwa

Allah said,

وَمَن يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَل لَّهُ مَخْرَجاًوَيَرْزُقْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لاَ يَحْتَسِبُ

(And whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make a way for him to get out. And He will provide him from where he never could imagine.) meaning, whoever has Taqwa of Allah in what He has commanded and avoids what He has forbidden, then Allah will make a way out for him from every difficulty and will provide for him from resources he never anticipated or thought about. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The most comprehensive Ayah in the Qur'an is,

إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالإْحْسَانِ

(Verily, Allah enjoins Al-`Adl (justice) and Al-Ihsan (doing good) (16:90). The greatest Ayah in the Qur'an that contains relief is,

وَمَن يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَل لَّهُ مَخْرَجاً

(And whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make a way for him to get out.)" `Ikrimah also commented on the Ayah, "Whoever divorces as Allah commanded him, then Allah will make a way out for him." Similar was reported from Ibn `Abbas and Ad-Dahhak.`Abdullah bin Mas`ud and Masruq commented on the Ayah,

وَمَن يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَل لَّهُ مَخْرَجاً

(And whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make a way for him to get out.) "It pertains to when one knows that if Allah wills He gives, and if He wills He deprives,

مِنْ حَيْثُ لاَ يَحْتَسِبُ

(from where he never could imagine.) from resources he did not anticipate" Qatadah said,

وَمَن يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَل لَّهُ مَخْرَجاً

(And whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make a way for him to get out.) "meaning, from every doubt and the horrors experienced at the time of death,

وَيَرْزُقْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لاَ يَحْتَسِبُ

(And He will provide him from where he never could imagine) from where he never thought of or anticipated." Allah said,

وَمَن يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَهُوَ حَسْبُهُ

(And whosoever puts his trust in Allah, then He will suffice him.) Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that he rode the Prophet's camel while sitting behind the Prophet , and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him,

«يَا غُلَامُ إِنِّي مُعَلِّمُكَ كَلِمَاتٍ: احْفَظِ اللهَ يَحْفَظْكَ، احْفَظِ اللهَ تَجِدْهُ تُجَاهَكَ، وَإِذَا سَأَلْتَ فَاسْأَلِ اللهَ، وَإِذَا اسْتَعَنْتَ فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللهِ، وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْأُمَّةَ لَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَنْفَعُوكَ لَمْ يَنْفَعُوكَ إِلَّا بِشَيْءٍ قَدْ كَتَبَهُ اللهُ لَكَ، وَلَوِ اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَضُرُّوكَ لَمْ يَضُرُّوكَ إِلَّا بِشَيْءٍ قَدْ كَتَبَهُ اللهُ عَلَيْكَ، رُفِعَتِ الْأَقْلَامُ وَجَفَّتِ الصُّحُف»

(O boy! I will teach you words so learn them. Be mindful of Allah and He will protect you, be mindful of Allah and He will be on your side. If you ask, ask Allah, and if you seek help, seek it from Allah. Know that if the Ummah gather their strength to bring you benefit, they will never bring you benefit, except that which Allah has decreed for you. Know that if they gather their strength to harm you, they will never harm you, except with that which Allah has decreed against you. The pens have been raised and the pages are dry.) At-Tirmidhi collected this Hadith and said: "Hasan Sahih." Allah's statement,

إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَـلِغُ أَمْرِهِ

(Verily, Allah will accomplish his purpose.) meaning, Allah will execute His decisions and judgement that He made for him, in whatever way He wills and chooses,

قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدْراً

(Indeed Allah has set a measure for all things.) This is like His saying:

وَكُلُّ شَىْءٍ عِندَهُ بِمِقْدَارٍ

(Everything with Him is in (due) proportion.) (13:8)

Dalam ayat-ayat ini, Allah menerangkan bahwa apabila masa idah istri hampir habis dan suami masih ingin berkumpul kembali, ia boleh rujuk kepada istrinya dan tinggal bersama secara baik sebagai suami-istri, melaksanakan kewajibannya, memberi belanja, pakaian, tempat tinggal, dan lainnya. Akan tetapi, kalau suami tetap tidak akan rujuk kepada istri, maka ia boleh melepaskannya secara baik pula tanpa ada ketegangan terjadi, menyempurnakan maharnya, memberi mut'ah sebagai imbalan dan terima kasih atas kebaikan istrinya selama ia hidup bersama dan lain-lain yang menghibur hatinya. Apabila suami memilih rujuk, maka hendaknya hal itu disaksikan oleh dua orang saksi laki-laki yang adil, untuk memantapkan rumah tangganya kembali.

Selanjutnya Allah menyerukan agar kesaksian itu diberikan secara jujur karena Allah semata-mata tanpa mengharapkan bayaran dan tanpa memihak, sebagaimana firman Allah:

Jadilah kamu penegak keadilan, menjadi saksi karena Allah, walaupun terhadap dirimu sendiri. (an-Nisa'/4: 135)

Demikian seruan mengenai rujuk dan talak untuk menjadi pelajaran bagi orang yang beriman kepada Allah di hari akhirat. Orang yang bertakwa kepada Allah, dan patuh menaati peraturan-peraturan yang telah ditetapkan-Nya, antara lain mengenai rujuk dan talak tersebut di atas, niscaya Ia akan menunjukkan baginya jalan keluar dari kesulitan yang dihadapinya.

Bagi orang-orang yang bertakwa kepada Allah, tidak saja diberi dan dimudahkan jalan keluar dari kesulitan yang dihadapinya, tetapi juga diberi rezeki oleh Allah dari arah yang tidak disangka-sangka, yang belum pernah terlintas dalam pikirannya. Selanjutnya Allah menyerukan agar mereka bertawakal kepada-Nya, karena Allah-lah yang mencukupkan keperluannya mensukseskan urusannya.

Bertawakal kepada Allah artinya berserah diri kepada-Nya, menyerahkan sepenuhnya kepada-Nya keberhasilan usaha. Setelah ia berusaha dan memantapkan satu ikhtiar, barulah ia bertawakal. Bukanlah tawakal namanya apabila seorang menyerahkan keadaannya kepada Allah tanpa usaha dan ikhtiar. Berusaha dan berikhtiar dahulu baru bertawakal menyerahkan diri kepada Allah.

Pernah terjadi seorang Arab Badui berkunjung kepada Nabi di Medinah dengan mengendarai unta. Setelah orang Arab itu sampai ke tempat yang dituju, ia turun dari untanya lalu masuk menemui Nabi saw. Nabi bertanya, "Apakah unta sudah ditambatkan?" Orang Badui itu menjawab, "Tidak! Saya melepaskan begitu saja, dan saya bertawakal kepada Allah." Nabi saw bersabda, "Tambatkan dulu untamu, baru bertawakal."

Allah akan melaksanakan dan menyempurnakan urusan orang yang bertawakal kepada-Nya sesuai dengan kodrat iradat-Nya, pada waktu yang telah ditetapkan, sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam firman-Nya:

Dan segala sesuatu ada ukuran di sisi-Nya. (ar-Ra'd/13: 8)