Surah At-Tahrim 66:12

The Disbelievers can cause no Harm to the Believers

This is a parable that Allah made of the believers, in that, if they needed to, their association with the disbelievers will not harm them. Allah the Exalted said,

لاَّ يَتَّخِذِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَىْءٍ إِلاَ أَن تَتَّقُواْ مِنْهُمْ تُقَـةً

(Let not the believers take the disbelievers as protecting friends instead of the believers, and whoever does that, will never be helped by Allah in any way, except you indeed fear a danger from them.) (3:28) Qatadah said, "Fir`awn was the most tyrannical among the people of the earth and the most disbelieving. By Allah! His wife was not affected by her husband's disbelief, because she obeyed her Lord. Therefore, let it be known that Allah is the Just Judge Who will not punish anyone except for their own sins." Ibn Jarir recorded that Sulayman said, "The wife of Fir`awn was tortured under the sun and when Fir`awn would finish the torture session, the angels would shade her with their wings. She was shown her house in Paradise." Ibn Jarir said that Al-Qasim bin Abi Bazzah said, "Fir`awn's wife used to ask, `Who prevailed' When she was told, `Musa and Harun prevailed', she said, `I believe in the Lord of Musa and Harun.' Fir`awn sent his aides to her and said to them, `Find the biggest stone. If she insists on keeping her faith, throw the stone on her, otherwise she is my wife. When they came to her, she looked up to the sky and was able to see her house in Paradise. She persisted on the faith and her soul was then captured. The stone was thrown on her lifeless body." This is the meaning of her statement,

رَبِّ ابْنِ لِى عِندَكَ بَيْتاً فِى الْجَنَّةِ وَنَجِّنِى مِن فِرْعَوْنَ وَعَمَلِهِ

(My Lord! Build for me a home with You in Paradise, and save me from Fir`awn and his work,) means, `deliver me from him, because I am innocent of his actions,'

وَنَجِّنِى مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّـلِمِينَ

(and save me from the people who are wrongdoers.) Her name was Asiyah bint Muzahim, may Allah be pleased with her. Allah said,

وَمَرْيَمَ ابْنَةَ عِمْرَانَ الَّتِى أَحْصَنَتْ فَرْجَهَا

(And Maryam, the daughter of `Imran who guarded her chastity (private part).) meaning, who protected and purified her honor, by being chaste and free of immorality,

فَنَفَخْنَا فِيهِ مِن رُّوحِنَا

(And We breathed into it (private part) through Our Ruh,) meaning, through the angel Jibril. Allah sent the angel Jibril to Maryam, and he came to her in the shape of a man in every respect. Allah commanded him to blow into a gap of her garment and that breath went into her womb through her private part; this is how `Isa was conceived. This is why Allah said here,

فَنَفَخْنَا فِيهِ مِن رُّوحِنَا وَصَدَّقَتْ بِكَلِمَـتِ رَبَّهَا وَكُتُبِهِ

(And We breathed into it through Our Ruh, and she testified to the truth of her Lords Kalimat, and His Kutub,) meaning His decree and His legislation.

وَكَانَتْ مِنَ الْقَـنِتِينَ

(and she was of the Qanitin.) Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ drew four lines on the ground and said,

«أَتَدْرُونَ مَا هَذَا؟»

(Do you know what these lines represent) They said, `Allah and His Messenger know best.' He said,

«أَفْضَلُ نِسَاءِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ: خَدِيجَةُ بِنْتُ خُوَيْلِدٍ، وَفَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَمَرْيَمُ ابْنَةُ عِمْرَانَ، وَآسِيَةُ بِنْتُ مُزَاحِمٍ امْرَأَةُ فِرْعَوْن»

(The best among the women of Paradise are Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, Fatimah bint Muhammad, Maryam bint `Imran and Asiyah bint Muzahim, wife of Fir`awn.) It is confirmed in the Two Sahihs from Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«كَمُلَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ كَثِيرٌ وَلَمْ يَكْمُلْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا آسِيَةُ امْرَأَةُ فِرْعَوْنَ، وَمَرْيَمُ ابْنَةُ عِمْرَانَ، وَخَدِيجَةُ بِنْتُ خُوَيْلِدٍ، وَإِنَّ فَضْلَ عَائِشَةَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ كَفَضْلِ الثَّرِيدِ عَلَى سَائِرِ الطَّعَام»

(Many men have reached the level of perfection, but none among women have reached this level except Asiyah -- Fir`awn's wife, Maryam--the daughter of `Imran, and Khadijah--the daughter of Khuwaylid. And no doubt, the superiority of `A'ishah to other women is like the superiority of Tharid to other meals.) In my book, Al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, I have mentioned these Hadiths using their various chains of narration in relating the story of Prophet `Isa and his mother Maryam, peace be upon them, all praise be to Allah. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat At-Tahrim, all thanks and praise are due to Allah.

Pada ayat ini, Allah sekali lagi membuat perumpamaan bagi orang-orang mukmin yaitu keadaan Maryam binti Imran yang memelihara kehormatannya dan telah diberikan karamah di dunia dan akhirat. Ia dipilih Tuhannya karena bereaksi kepada Jibril tentang pengisian rahimnya dengan ucapan sebagaimana diabadikan di dalam Al-Qur'an:

Dia (Maryam) berkata, "Sungguh, aku berlindung kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Pengasih terhadapmu, jika engkau orang yang bertakwa." (Maryam/19: 18)

Dengan demikian, kesalehannya menjadi mantap dan sempurna kesuciannya, maka ditiupkanlah ke dalam rahimnya oleh Jibril sebagian roh ciptaan Allah, yang mewujudkan seorang nabi yaitu Isa bin Maryam binti Imran, membenarkan syariat Allah dan kitab-kitab yang diturunkan-Nya kepada nabi-Nya. Dia termasuk dan terbilang orang yang bertakwa, tekun beribadah, merendahkan diri, dan taat kepada Tuhan-Nya.

Ahmad meriwayatkan dalam Musnadnya bahwa penghulu wanita penghuni surga ialah Maryam lalu Fatimah menyusul Khadijah dan Asiyah.

Di dalam kitab sahih diterangkan bahwa laki-laki yang sempurna banyak bilangannya, tetapi perempuan yang sempurna hanya empat yaitu Asiyah binti Muzahim (istri Fir'aun), Maryam binti 'Imran, Khadijah binti Khuwailid, dan Fathimah binti Muhammad. Sedangkan kelebihan Siti 'Aisyah atas wanita-wanita yang lain seperti kelebihan tsarid atas makanan-makanan yang lain.