Surah Ash-Shuraa 42:7

The Qur'an was revealed to serve as a Warning

Allah says, `just as We sent revelation to the Prophets before you,'

أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ قُرْءَاناً عَرَبِيّاً

(thus We have revealed to you a Qur'an in Arabic) meaning, plain, clear, and manifest

لِّتُنذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَى

(that you may warn the Mother of the Towns), i.e., Makkah,

وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا

(and all around it,) means, all the lands, east and west. Makkah is called Umm Al-Qura (the Mother of the Towns) because it is nobler than all other lands, as indicated by much evidence that has been discussed elsewhere. Among the most concise and clear proofs of that is the report recorded by Imam Ahmad from `Abdullah bin `Adi bin Al-Hamra' Az-Zuhri, who heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, as he was standing in the market place of Makkah;

«وَاللهِ إِنَّكِ لَخَيْرُ أَرْضِ اللهِ وَأَحَبُّ أَرْضِ اللهِ إِلَى اللهِ، وَلَوْلَا أَنِّي أُخْرِجْتُ مِنْكِ مَا خَرَجْت»

(By Allah, you are the best land of Allah, the most beloved land to Allah; were it not for the fact that I was driven out from you, I would never have left you.) This was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah; At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih. "

وَتُنذِرَ يَوْمَ الْجَمْعِ

(and warn (them) of the Day of Assembling) i.e., the Day of Resurrection, when Allah will assemble the first and the last in one plain.

لاَ رَيْبَ فِيهِ

(of which there is no doubt,) means, there is no doubt that it will happen and will most certainly come to pass.

فَرِيقٌ فِى الْجَنَّةِ وَفَرِيقٌ فِى السَّعِيرِ

(a party will be in Paradise and a party in the blazing Fire.) This is like the Ayah:

يَوْمَ يَجْمَعُكُمْ لِيَوْمِ الْجَمْعِ ذَلِكَ يَوْمُ التَّغَابُنِ

((And remember) the Day when He will gather you (all) on the Day of Gathering, --- that will be the Day of mutual loss and gain) (64:9). which means that the people of Paradise and the people of Hell will gain and lose, respectively. And it is like the Ayah:

إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَةً لِّمَنْ خَافَ عَذَابَ الاٌّخِرَةِ ذلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَّجْمُوعٌ لَّهُ النَّاسُ وَذَلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَّشْهُودٌ - وَمَا نُؤَخِّرُهُ إِلاَّ لاًّجَلٍ مَّعْدُودٍ - يَوْمَ يَأْتِ لاَ تَكَلَّمُ نَفْسٌ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ فَمِنْهُمْ شَقِىٌّ وَسَعِيدٌ

(Indeed in that (there) is a sure lesson for those who fear the torment of the Hereafter. That is a Day whereon will be gathered together, and that is a Day when all (the dwellers of the heavens and the earth) will be present. And We delay it only for a term fixed. On the Day when it comes, no person shall speak except by His leave. Some among them will be wretched and (others) blessed.) (11:103-105) Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin `Amr, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ  came out to us, holding two books in his hand. He said,

«أَتَدْرُونَ مَا هذَانِ الْكِتَابَانِ؟»

(Do you know what these two books are) We said, "We do not know unless you tell us, O Messenger of Allah." Concerning the book in his right hand, He said:

«هَذَا كِتَابٌ مِنْ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ بِأَسْمَاءِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَأَسْمَاءِ آبَائِهِمْ وَقَبَائِلِهِمْ، ثُمَّ أُجْمِلَ عَلى آخِرِهِمْ، لَا يُزَادُ فِيهِمْ وَلَا يُنْقَصُ مِنْهُمْ أبدًا»

(This is a book from the Lord of the worlds, containing the names of the people of Paradise and of their fathers and tribes; all of them are detailed, down to the last one of them, and nothing will be added or taken away from it.) Then concerning the book in his left hand, he said:

«هَذَا كِتَابُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ وَأَسْمَاءِ آبَائِهِمْ وَقَبَائِلِهِمْ، ثُمَّ أُجْمِلَ عَلى آخِرِهِمْ، لَا يُزَادُ فِيهِمْ وَلَا يُنْقَصُ مِنْهُمْ أَبَدًا»

(This is the book of the people of Hell, containing their names and the names of their fathers and tribes, all of them are detailed down to the last one of them, and nothing will be added or taken away from it.) The Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ  said, "Why should we strive if it is something that is already cut and dried" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ  said:

«سَدِّدُوا وَقَارِبُوا فَإِنَّ صَاحِبَ الْجَنَّةِ يُخْتَمُ لَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنْ عَمِلَ أَيَّ عَمَلٍ،وَإِنَّ صَاحِبَ النَّارِ يُخْتَمُ لَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ، وَإِنْ عَمِلَ أَيَّ عَمَل»

(Strive with your deeds as hard as you can for middle course or close to it, for the person who is destined for Paradise will die doing the deeds of the people of Paradise, regardless of what he did before, and the person who is destined for Hell will die doing the deeds of the people of Hell, regardless of what he did before.) Then he made a gesture with his fist and said,

«فَرَغَ رَبُّكُمْ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنَ الْعِبَاد»

(Your Lord has settled the matter of His servants) and he opened his right hand as if throwing something;

«فَرِيقٌ فِي الْجَنَّة»

(A party in Paradise.) and he made a similar gesture with his left hand;

«فَرِيقٌ فِي السَّعِير»

(And a party in the blazing Fire.)" This was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi, and An-Nasa'i; At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih Gharib." Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Nadrah said, "One of the Companions of the Prophet , whose name was Abu Abdullah, was visited by some of his friends, and they found him weeping. They asked him, `What has caused you to weep Didn't the Messenger of Allah ﷺ  say to you,

«خُذْ مِنْ شَارِبِكَ ثُمَّ أَقِرَّهُ حَتَّى تَلْقَانِي»

(Trim your moustache and adhere to that practice until you meet me)' He said, `Yes, but I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say;

«إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى قَبَضَ بِيَمِينِهِ قَبْضَةً وَأُخْرَى بِالْيَدِ الْأُخْرَى، قَالَ: هذِهِ لِهذِهِ، وَهذِهِ لِهذِهِ، وَلَا أُبَالِي»

(Allah picked up a handful in His Right Hand and another in His other Hand, and said, "This is for this and this is for this, and I do not care.") `And I do not know in which of the two handfuls I am."' There are several Hadiths about Al-Qadr (the Divine Decree) in the books of Sahih, Sunan and Musnad. Including those narrated by `Ali, Ibn Mas`ud, `A'ishah and a large number of Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all.

وَلَوْ شَآءَ اللَّهُ لَجَعَلَهُمْ أُمَّةً وَحِدَةً

(And if Allah had willed, He could have made them one nation,) means, either all following guidance or all following misguidance, but He made them all different, and He guides whomsoever He wills to the truth and He sends astray whomsoever He wills, and He has complete wisdom and perfect proof. Allah says:

وَلَـكِن يُدْخِلُ مَن يَشَآءُ فِى رَحْمَتِهِ وَالظَّـلِمُونَ مَا لَهُمْ مِّن وَلِىٍّ وَلاَ نَصِيرٍ

(but He admits whom He wills to His mercy. And the wrongdoers will have neither a protector nor a helper.)

Pada ayat ini Allah menerangkan bahwa wahyu yang diturunkan Allah kepada Nabi Muhammad saw adalah dalam bahasa Arab, sesuai dengan bahasa penduduk negeri Mekah dan sekitarnya, untuk memudahkan mereka mengerti dakwah dan seruan serta peringatan yang ditujukan Muhammad saw kepada mereka, sebagaimana halnya setiap rasul yang diutus ia menggunakan bahasa kaumnya agar mudah memberikan penjelasan kepada mereka sebagaimana firman Allah:

Dan Kami tidak mengutus seorang rasul pun, melainkan dengan bahasa kaumnya, agar dia dapat memberi penjelasan kepada mereka. (Ibrahim/14: 4)

Sekalipun hanya penduduk Mekah dan sekitarnya disebut pada ayat ini yang menjadi sasaran dakwah dan peringatan Nabi Muhammad saw, tetapi itu tidaklah berarti bahwa Muhammad saw diutus terbatas hanya kepada orang Arab saja. Hanya penduduk Mekah dan sekitarnya yang disebut, karena sesuai dengan posisi Nabi yang berdomisili di Mekah pada waktu itu, sedangkan pada hakikatnya Muhammad saw itu adalah rasul bagi segenap manusia, sebagaimana firman Allah:

Dan Kami tidak mengutus engkau (Muhammad), melainkan kepada semua umat manusia sebagai pembawa berita gembira dan sebagai pemberi peringatan, tetapi kebanyakan manusia tidak mengetahui. (Saba'/34: 28)

Sabda Rasulullah:

Abu Hurairah meriwayatkan bahwa Nabi saw bersabda, "Demi jiwaku yang berada dalam kekuasaan-Nya, tidaklah seorang pun dari umatku baik Yahudi maupun Nasrani yang mendengarkan tentang aku, lalu mati namun tidak beriman dengan (risalah) yang ditugaskan kepadaku, melainkan ia menjadi penghuni neraka." (Riwayat Muslim)

Nabi Muhammad selain ditugasi untuk memberi peringatan kepada penduduk Mekah dan penduduk negeri-negeri sekelilingnya, juga ditugasi memberi peringatan tentang hari Kiamat. Hari Kiamat itu merupakan hari yang pasti dan tidak diragukan datangnya, di mana pada hari itu segenap makhluk akan dikumpulkan untuk mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatan mereka di dunia dan mendapat ganjaran sesuai dengan perbuatan mereka.

Ayat 7 ini diakhiri dengan satu penegasan bahwa sesudah diadakan pemeriksaan yang amat teliti dan perhitungan yang sangat cermat pada tiap-tiap makhluk atas segala perbuatannya di dunia ini, maka mereka itu dibagi menjadi dua golongan. Segolongan dari mereka termasuk yang berbahagia dan dimasukkan ke dalam surga, kekal di dalamnya. Karena mereka itu beriman kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya serta berbuat amal saleh di dunia, maka wajarlah kalau mereka itu mendapat karunia dari Allah menikmati kesenangan yang abadi di dalam surga, sebagaimana firman Allah:

Dan adapun orang-orang yang berbahagia, maka (tempatnya) di dalam surga; mereka kekal di dalamnya. (Hud/11: 108)

Sedangkan golongan yang kedua, termasuk golongan yang celaka; mereka dimasukkan ke dalam api neraka yang menyala-nyala, kekal di dalamnya karena mereka itu pada waktu berada di dunia tetap ingkar kepada Allah, menentang apa yang didakwakan oleh junjungan kita Nabi Muhammad saw sebagaimana firman Allah:

Maka adapun orang-orang yang sengsara, maka (tempatnya) di dalam neraka, di sana mereka mengeluarkan dan menarik nafas dengan merintih, mereka kekal di dalamnya. (Hud/11: 106-107)