Surah Ash-Shuraa 42:5

Which was revealed in Makkah

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

The Revelation and Allah's Might

We have previously discussed the individual letters.

كَذَلِكَ يُوحِى إِلَيْكَ وَإِلَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكَ اللَّهُ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ

(Likewise Allah, the Almighty, the All-Wise sends revelation to you as to those before you.) means, `just as this Qur'an has been revealed to you, so too the Books and Scriptures were revealed to the Prophets who came before you.'

اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ

(Allah, the Almighty) means, in His vengeance

الْحَكِيمُ

(the All-Wise) means, in all that He says and does. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, narrated that `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "Al-Harith bin Hisham asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , `O Messenger of Allah, how does the revelation come to you' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ  said:

«أَحْيَانًا يَأْتِينِي مِثْلَ صَلْصَلَةِ الْجَرَسِ، وَهُوَ أَشَدُّهُ عَلَيَّ فَيَفْصِمُ عَنِّي وَقَدْ وَعَيْتُ مَا قَالَ، وَأَحْيَانًا يَأْتِينِي الْمَلَكُ رَجُلًا فَيُكَلِّمُنِي فَأَعِي مَا يَقُول»

(Sometimes it comes to me like the ringing of a bell, which is the most difficult for me; then it goes away, and I understand what was said. And sometimes the angel comes to me in the image of a man, and he speaks to me and I understand what he says.)" `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "I saw him receiving the revelation on a very cold day, and when it departed from him, there were beads of sweat on his forehead." It was also reported in the Two Sahihs, and the version quoted here is that recorded by Al-Bukhari.

لَهُ مَا فِى السَّمَـوَت وَمَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ

(To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth,) means, everything is subject to His dominion and control.

وَهُوَ الْعَلِىُّ الْعَظِيمُ

(and He is the Most High, the Most Great.) This is like the Ayat:

الْكَبِيرُ الْمُتَعَالِ

(the Most Great, the Most High) (13:9), and

وَهُوَ الْعَلِىُّ الْكَبِيرُ

(He is the Most High, the Most Great) (22:62). And there are many similar Ayat.

تَكَادُ السَّمَـوَتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِن فَوْقِهِنَّ

(Nearly the heavens might be rent asunder from above them,) Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah, As-Suddi and Ka`b Al-Ahbar said, "Out of fear of His might."

وَالْمَلَـئِكَةُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِمَن فِى الاٌّرْضِ

(and the angels glorify the praises of their Lord, and ask for forgiveness for those on the earth.) This is like the Ayah:

الَّذِينَ يَحْمِلُونَ الْعَرْشَ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ رَبَّنَا وَسِعْتَ كُـلَّ شَىْءٍ رَّحْمَةً وَعِلْماً

(Those who bear the Throne and those around it glorify the praises of their Lord, and believe in Him, and ask forgiveness for those who believe (saying): "Our Lord! You comprehend all things in mercy and knowledge,") (40:7)

أَلاَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ

(Lo! Verily, Allah is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.) This is a reminder, to take heed of this fact.

وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُواْ مِن دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَآءَ

(And as for those who take as protecting friends others besides Him) This refers to the idolators,

اللَّهُ حَفِيظٌ عَلَيْهِمْ

(Allah is Hafiz over them.) meaning, He is Witness to their deeds, recording and enumerating them precisely, and He will requite them for them in full.

وَمَآ أَنتَ عَلَيْهِم بِوَكِيلٍ

(and you are not a trustee over them.) meaning, `you are just a warner, and Allah is the Trustee of all affairs.'

Dalam ayat ini, Allah menerangkan bahwa karena kemahabesaran dan kemahatinggian serta kehebatan-Nya, maka hampir saja langit retak, pecah berantakan, dan berguguran. Para malaikat senantiasa bertasbih menyucikan Allah dari segala sifat kekurangan, memuji dan mensyukuri-Nya atas segala nikmat yang telah diberikan kepada mereka, taat dan patuh kepada perintah-Nya, tak pernah berbuat maksiat dan durhaka kepada-Nya, sebagaimana firman Allah:

Mereka (malaikat-malaikat) bertasbih tidak henti-hentinya malam dan siang. (al-Anbiya'/21: 20)

Dan firman-Nya:

Yang tidak durhaka kepada Allah terhadap apa yang Dia perintahkan kepada mereka dan selalu mengerjakan apa yang diperintahkan. (at-Tahrim/66: 6)

Para malaikat juga selalu memohon kepada Allah supaya mengampuni dosa orang-orang yang beriman di atas bumi ini, dan mengilhami mereka sehingga mereka itu senantiasa melalui jalan-jalan kebaikan yang membawa kepada kebahagiaan.

Malaikat itu diumpamakan laksana cahaya yang memberi kehidupan dengan panas yang ada padanya, dan memberi petunjuk dengan cahayanya.

Sejalan dengan apa yang tersebut di atas firman Allah:

(Malaikat-malaikat) yang memikul 'Arsy dan (malaikat) yang berada di sekelilingnya bertasbih dengan memuji Tuhannya dan mereka beriman kepada-Nya serta memohonkan ampunan untuk orang-orang yang beriman (seraya berkata), "Ya Tuhan kami, rahmat dan ilmu yang ada pada-Mu meliputi segala sesuatu, maka berilah ampunan kepada orang-orang yang bertobat dan mengikuti jalan (agama)-Mu dan peliharalah mereka dari azab neraka yang menyala-nyala. (Gafir/40: 7)

Ayat kelima ini menegaskan bahwa Allah itu Maha Pengampun, mengampuni dosa setiap orang yang kembali dan tobat kepada-Nya dengan tobat nasuha. Setiap makhluk berhak memperoleh rahmat dan kasih sayang daripada-Nya. Ditunda dan ditangguhkannya azab dan siksaan terhadap orang-orang kafir dan orang-orang yang durhaka, adalah satu rahmat dan tanda kasih sayang-Nya terhadap mereka.