Surah Ash-Shuraa 42:14

The Religion of the Messengers is One

Allah says to this Ummah:

(He (Allah) has ordained for you the same religion which He ordained for Nuh, and that which We have revealed to you,) Allah mentions the first Messenger who was sent after Adam, that is, Nuh, peace be upon them, and the last of them is Muhammad . Then He mentions those who came in between them who were the Messengers of strong will, namely Ibrahim, Musa and `Isa bin Maryam. This Ayah mentions all five, just as they are also mentioned in the Ayah in Surat Al-Ahzab, where Allah says:

(And (remember) when We took from the Prophets their covenant, and from you, and from Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, and `Isa son of Maryam.) (33:7). The Message which all the Messengers brought was to worship Allah Alone, with no partner or associate, as Allah says:

(And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed to him (saying): None has the right to be worshipped but I, so worship Me.) (21:25). And according to a Hadith (the Prophet said):

(We Prophets are brothers and our religion is one.) In other words, the common bond between them is that Allah Alone is to be worshipped, with no partner or associate, even though their laws and ways may differ, as Allah says.

(To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way) (5:48). Allah says here:

(saying you should establish religion and make no divisions in it.) meaning, Allah enjoined all the Prophets (peace and blessings of Allah be upon them all) to be as one and He forbade them to differ and be divided. t

(Intolerable for the idolators is that to which you call them.) means, `it is too much for them to bear, and they hate that to which you call them, O Muhammad, i.e., Tawhid.'

(Allah chooses for Himself whom He wills, and guides unto Himself who turns to Him in repentance.) means, He is the One Who decrees guidance for those who deserve it, and decrees misguidance for those who prefer it to the right path. Allah says here;

(And they divided not till after knowledge had come to them,) means, their opposition to the truth arose after it had come to them and proof had been established against them. Nothing made them resist in this manner except their transgression and stubbornness.

(And had it not been for a Word that went forth before from your Lord for an appointed term,) means, were it not for the fact that Allah had already decreed that He would delay the reckoning of His servants until the Day of Resurrection, the punishment would have been hastened for them in this world.

(And verily, those who were made to inherit the Scripture after them,) means, the later generation which came after the earlier generation which had rejected the truth.

(are in grave doubt concerning it. ) means, they do not have any firm conviction in matters of religion; they merely imitate their forefathers, without any evidence or proof. So they are very confused and doubtful.

Pada ayat ini Allah menerangkan bahwa Ahli Kitab baik Yahudi maupun Nasrani sesudah mengetahui kebenaran rasul-rasul yang diutus kepada mereka, lalu berpecah-belah menjadi beberapa golongan, sebagaimana digambarkan Allah dalam firman-Nya:

Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang memecah belah agamanya dan mereka menjadi (terpecah) dalam golongan-golongan, sedikit pun bukan tanggung jawabmu (Muhammad) atas mereka. (al-An'am/6: 159)

Mereka melakukan yang demikian itu karena kedengkian dan kebencian antara mereka sehingga timbullah pertentangan antar sekte di kalangan mereka yang sukar untuk diatasi dan diselesaikan. Mereka saling menuduh, orang-orang Yahudi meyakinkan kebenaran pendirian dan pegangan mereka, sedangkan anggapan orang Nasrani meyakini bahwa orang Yahudi itu tidak mempunyai pendirian dan pegangan. Begitu pula sebaliknya, orang-orang Yahudi menganggap bahwa orang-orang Nasrani itu tidak mempunyai pendirian, sebagaimana firman Allah:

Dan orang Yahudi berkata, "Orang Nasrani itu tidak memiliki sesuatu (pegangan)," dan orang-orang Nasrani (juga) berkata, "Orang-orang Yahudi tidak memiliki sesuatu (pegangan)," (al-Baqarah/2: 113)

Sekiranya belum ada ketentuan lebih dahulu dari Allah mengenai ditangguhkannya pembalasan dan siksa bagi orang-orang yang menentang dan menyalahi perintah Allah itu sampai kepada waktu yang telah ditentukan-Nya (hari Kiamat), niscaya mereka telah dibinasakan di dunia ini dan tidak perlu lagi ditunda sampai di akhirat nanti.

Perpecahan di antara umat manusia berlaku umum, bukan hanya terjadi pada Ahli Kitab saja, tetapi juga ada di kalangan Muslimin sendiri. Kalau perpecahan dalam bidang akidah banyak dialami Ahli Kitab, kelompok Islam banyak mengalami perselisihan dalam bidang fiqh, muamalat, dan pernikahan, yang menyebabkan perpecahan di kalangan umat Islam. Perintah untuk bersatu harus benar-benar disadari oleh umat Islam, karena dampak buruk perpecahan ini adalah lemahnya persatuan dan kesatuan umat sehingga posisi tawar kita dalam berbagai posisi dan bidang di dunia internasional menjadi lemah.

Ayat 14 ini ditutup dengan satu penegasan bahwa orang-orang Yahudi dan Nasrani yang mewarisi Kitab Taurat dan Injil dari nenek moyang mereka, yang pada masa Rasulullah saw menyaksikan dakwah Islamiyah, mereka itu menjadi ragu tentang kebenaran Kitab mereka dan benar-benar mengguncangkan kepercayaan mereka. Hal ini tidak mengherankan karena di samping kepercayaan mereka kepada Kitab Samawi memang tidak mendalam, mereka memeluk agama hanya karena ikut-ikutan kepada nenek moyang mereka.