Surah Ar-Ra'd 13:8

Allah is All-Knower of Al-Ghayb (Unseen)

Allah affirms His perfect knowledge, from which nothing is hidden, and that He has complete knowledge of whatever every female creature is carrying,

وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِى الاٌّرْحَامِ

(And He knows that which is in the wombs.)31:34, whether male or female, fair or ugly, miserable or happy, whether it will have a long or a short life. Allah said in other Ayat,

هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ إِذْ أَنشَأَكُمْ مِّنَ الاٌّرْضِ وَإِذْ أَنتُمْ أَجِنَّةٌ

(He knows you well when He created you from the earth, and when you were fetuses.)53:32, and,

يَخْلُقُكُمْ فِى بُطُونِ أُمَّهَـتِكُـمْ خَلْقاً مِّن بَعْدِ خَلْقٍ فِى ظُلُمَـتٍ ثَلَـثٍ

(He creates you in the wombs of your mother: creation after creation in three veils of darkness.)39:6 meaning stage after stage. Allah also said,

وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الإِنْسَـنَ مِن سُلَـلَةٍ مِّن طِينٍ - ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَـهُ نُطْفَةً فِى قَرَارٍ مَّكِينٍ - ثُمَّ خَلَقْنَا النُّطْفَةَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقْنَا الْعَلَقَةَ مُضْغَةً فَخَلَقْنَا الْمُضْغَةَ عِظَـماً فَكَسَوْنَا الْعِظَـمَ لَحْماً ثُمَّ أَنشَأْنَـهُ خَلْقاً ءَاخَرَ فَتَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ أَحْسَنُ الْخَـلِقِينَ

(And indeed We created man out of an extract of clay. Thereafter We made him as a Nutfah in a safe lodging. Then We made the Nutfah into a clot, then We made the clot into a little lump of flesh, then We made out of that little lump of flesh bones, then We clothed the bones with flesh, and then We brought it forth as another creation. So Blessed is Allah, the Best of creators.)23:12-14 In the two Sahihs it is recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«إِنَّ خَلْقَ أَحَدِكُمْ يُجْمَعُ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا، ثُمَّ يَكُونُ عَلَقَةً مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يَكُونُ مُضْغَةً مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُ اللهُ إِلَيْهِ مَلَكًا فَيُؤْمَرُ بِأَرْبَعِ كَلِمَاتٍ، بِكَتْبِ رِزْقِهِ، وَعُمْرِهِ، وَعَمَلِهِ، وَشَقِيٌّ أَوْ سَعِيد»

(The matter of the creation of one of you is put together in the womb of the mother in forty days, and then he becomes a clot of thick blood for a similar period, and then a piece of flesh for a similar period. Then Allah sends an angel who is ordered to write four things. He is ordered to write down his provisions, his life span, his deeds, and whether he will be blessed or wretched.") In another Hadith, the Prophet said,

«فَيَقُولُ الْمَلَكُ: أَيْ رَبِّ أَذَكَرٌ أَمْ أُنْثَى؟ أَيْ رَبِّ أَشَقِيٌّ أَمْ سَعِيدٌ؟ فَمَا الرِّزْقٌ؟ فَمَا الْأَجَلُ؟ فَيَقُولُ اللهُ: وَيَكْتُبُ الْمَلَك»

(Then the angel asks, "O my Lord! Is it a male or a female, miserable or happy, what is its provisions and life span" Allah then ordains and the angel records it.) Allah said next,

وَمَا تَغِيضُ الاٌّرْحَامُ وَمَا تَزْدَادُ

(and by how much the wombs fall short or exceed.) Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah bin `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«مَفَاتِيحُ الْغَيْبِ خَمْسٌ، لَا يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلَّا اللهُ: لَا يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي غَدٍ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَلَا يَعْلَمُ مَا تَغِيضُ الْأَرْحَامُ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَلَا يَعْلَمُ مَتَى يَأْتِي الْمَطَرُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَلَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ، وَلَا يَعْلَمُ مَتَى تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ إِلَّا الله»

(The Keys of the Ghayb (unseen knowledge) are five, nobody knows them but Allah. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow except Allah; nobody knows what is in the womb except Allah; nobody knows when it will rain except Allah; no soul knows at what place he will die except Allah; and nobody knows when the (Final) Hour will begin except Allah.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said,

وَمَا تَغِيضُ الاٌّرْحَامُ

(and by how much the wombs fall short), this refers to miscarriages,

وَمَا تَزْدَادُ

(or exceed), this refers to carrying her fetus in her womb for the full term. Some women carry their fetus for ten months, while others for nine months. Some terms are longer or shorter than others. This is the falling short or exceeding that Allah the Exalted mentioned, and all this occurs by His knowledge." Qatadah commented on Allah's statement,

وَكُلُّ شَىْءٍ عِندَهُ بِمِقْدَارٍ

(Everything with Him is in proportion.) "For a term appointed. Allah has the records of the provisions and terms of His creation and made an appointed term for everything." An authentic Hadith mentioned that one of the Prophet's daughters sent (a messenger) to him requesting him to come as her child was dying, but the Prophet returned the messenger ﷺ and told him to say to her,

«إِنَّ للهِ مَا أَخَذَ، وَلَهُ مَا أَعْطَى، وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ عِنْدَهُ بِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى، فَمُرُوهَا فَلْتَصْبِرْ وَلْتَحْتَسِب»

(Verily, whatever Allah takes is for Him and whatever He gives is for Him, and everything with Him has a limited fixed term (in this world), and so she should be patient and hope for Allah's reward.) Allah said next,

عَـلِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ

(All-Knower of the Ghayb (the unseen) and the Shahadah (the witnessable),) Who knows everything that the servants see and all what they cannot see, and none of it ever escapes His knowledge,

الْكَبِيرُ

(the Most Great), greater than everything,

الْمُتَعَالِ

(the Most High.) above everything,

قَدْ أَحَاطَ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عِلْمَا

((Allah) surrounds all things in (His) knowledge.)65:12, and has full power over all things, the necks are under His control and the servants are subservient to Him, willingly or unwillingly.

Ayat ini menjelaskan bahwa Allah mengetahui apa yang dikandung oleh setiap perempuan dalam rahimnya, baik isi kandungan itu berjenis kelamin laki-laki ataupun perempuan, satu atau kembar, dan akan panjang usianya atau pendek, seperti tersebut dalam firman-Nya:

Dia mengetahui tentang kamu, sejak Dia menjadikan kamu dari tanah lalu ketika kamu masih janin dalam perut ibumu. (an-Najm/53: 32)

Allah mengetahui kandungan rahim yang kurang sempurna, dimana bayinya memiliki cacat tubuh. Allah mengetahui kandungan rahim yang kembar dua, tiga, empat, atau lebih, dan yang masa kandungannya sempurna sembilan bulan, kurang dari itu, ataupun lebih. Menurut penelitian beberapa rumah sakit di London, janin tidak dapat hidup dalam kandungan ibunya lebih dari 305 hari, sedangkan menurut penelitian rumah sakit di Berlin tidak lebih dari 308 hari. Bagi tiap-tiap sesuatu telah ada ukurannya di sisi Allah swt, tidak ada kekurangan atau tambahannya, seperti tersebut dalam firman-Nya:

Sungguh, Kami menciptakan segala sesuatu menurut ukuran. (al-Qamar/54: 49)

Ayat di atas memberikan pernyataan mengenai proses embriologi yang terjadi dalam kandungan. Ayat selengkapnya mengenai perubahan yang terjadi dalam proses embriologi manusia dapat dilihat pada Surah Al-Muminun/23: 12-16 yang penggalannya sebagai berikut: Dan sungguh, Kami telah menciptakan manusia dari saripati (berasal) dari tanah. Kemudian Kami menjadikannya air mani (yang disimpan) dalam tempat yang kokoh (rahim).¦

Dua ayat lain yang membicarakan secara umum mengenai tahapan-tahapan dalam perkembangan manusia. Pertama adalah Surah Nuh/71: 13-14 berikut: Mengapa kamu tidak takut akan kebesaran Allah? Dan sungguh, Dia telah menciptakan kamu dalam beberapa tingkatan (kejadian). Ayat kedua adalah Surah Fathir/35: 11 yang penggalannya sebagai berikut: Dan Allah menciptakan kamu dari tanah kemudian dari air mani, kemudian Dia menjadikan kamu berpasangan (laki-laki dan perempuan).