Surah An-Nur 24:39

Two Examples of two kinds of Disbelievers

These are two examples which Allah sets forth of two kinds of disbelievers. Similarly He sets forth two parables of the hypocrites at the beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah: one involving fire and the other involving water. Similarly, in Surat Ar-Ra`d He gives two parables of the guidance and knowledge that are instilled in the heart, again involving fire and water; we have discussed each of them in the appropriate place and there is no need to repeat it here, praise be to Allah. The first of these two examples is that of the disbelievers who call others to their disbelief, thinking that they have good actions and beliefs, when this is not in fact the case. Their likeness is that of a mirage which is seen in a desert plain, looking from a distance as if it is a deep sea. The word Qi`ah refers to a vast, flat, level area of land in which the mirage may appear. There are different kinds of mirage, one which appears after midday, and another which appears in the morning and looks like water between heaven and earth. If a person who is in need of water sees the mirage, he thinks that it is water so he heads towards it in order to drink from it, but when he reaches it,

(he finds it to be nothing.); Similarly the disbeliever thinks that he is doing something good and that he has achieved something, but when Allah judges him on the Day of Resurrection, and brings him to account and examines his deeds, he will find that nothing has been accepted at all, either because of a lack of sincere belief or because he did not follow the proper ways of the Shari`ah. As Allah says:

(And We shall turn to whatever deeds they did, and We shall make such deeds as scattered floating particles of dust.) 25:23. And He says here:

(but he finds Allah with him, who will pay him his due. And Allah is swift in taking account.) A similar view was also narrated from Ubayy bin Ka`b, Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah and others. In the Two Sahihs, it is reported that on the Day of Resurrection it will be said to the Jews, "What did you used to worship" They will say, "We used to worship `Uzayr the son of Allah." It will be said to them, "You have lied. Allah has not begotten a son. What do you want" They will say, "O Lord, we are thirsty, give us something to drink." It will be said to them, "Do you not see" Then Hell will be shown to them as if it is a mirage, parts of it consuming other parts, and they will go and fall into it. This is the parable of one whose ignorance is deep and advanced. As for those whose ignorance is simple, those who are uneducated and foolish and blindly follow the leaders of disbelief, knowing and understanding nothing, their parable is as Allah says: d

(Or like the darkness in a vast deep sea, overwhelmed with waves topped by waves, topped by dark clouds, darkness upon darkness: if a man stretches out his hand, he can hardly see it!) meaning, he can hardly see it because it is so intensely dark. This is the parable of the heart of the disbeliever whose ignorance is simple, who merely follows and does not know the true nature of the one whom he follows or where he is going. He is like the ignorant man in the parable who was asked, "Where are you going" He said, "With them." He was asked, "Where are they going" He said, "I do not know."

(darkness upon darkness) Ubayy bin Ka`b said: "He is enveloped in five types of darkness: his speech is darkness, his deeds are darkness, his coming in is darkness, his going out is darkness and his destiny on the Day of Resurrection will be darkness in the fire of Hell." As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas also said something similar.

(And he for whom Allah has not appointed light, for him there is no light.) One whom Allah does not guide is ignorant and doomed, an utter loser and disbeliever. This is like the Ayah:

(Whomsoever Allah sends astray, none can guide him) 7:186 This is in contrast to what Allah says about the believers:

(Allah guides to His Light whom He wills. ) 24:35 We ask Allah the Almighty to put light in our hearts and give us light on our right and on our left, and to increase us in light.

Pada ayat ini Allah memberikan perumpamaan bagi amal-amal orang kafir yang tampaknya baik dan besar manfaatnya seperti mendirikan panti asuhan bagi anak-anak yatim, rumah sakit atau poliklinik untuk mengobati orang-orang yang tidak mampu, menolong fakir miskin dengan memberikan pakaian dan makanan, mendirikan perkumpulan sosial atau yayasan, dan amal-amal sosial lainnya yang sangat dianjurkan oleh agama Islam dan dipandang sebagai amal yang besar pahalanya. Amal-amal orang-orang kafir itu meskipun besar faedahnya bagi masyarakat, tetapi amal mereka itu tidak ada nilainya di sisi Allah, karena syarat utama bagi diterimanya suatu amal ialah iman kepada-Nya dan tidak menyekutukan-Nya dengan suatu apa pun, apalagi menganggap makhluk-Nya baik yang bernyawa ataupun benda mati sebagai Tuhan yang diharapkan rahmat dan kasih sayangnya atau yang ditakuti murkanya.

Allah menyerupakan amal-amal orang-orang kafir itu sebagai fatamorgana di padang pasir, tampak dari kejauhan seperti air jernih yang dapat melepaskan dahaga dan menyegarkan tubuh yang telah ditimpa terik matahari. Dengan bergegas-gegas orang yang melihatnya berjalan menuju arah fatamorgana itu, tetapi tatkala mereka sampai di sana, semua harapan itu sirna berganti dengan rasa kecewa dan putus asa karena yang dilihatnya seperti air jernih itu tidak lain hanyalah bayangan belaka. Mereka tidak hanya merasa kecewa dan putus asa, karena tidak mendapat minuman yang segar, tetapi mereka juga dihantui oleh nasib yang buruk karena di hadapan mereka telah menunggu penderitaan yang tidak tertangguhkan yaitu haus dan dahaga akibat ditimpa panasnya matahari sedang yang kelihatan di sekeliling mereka hanya pasir belaka yang luas tidak bertepi.

Demikian halnya orang-orang kafir di akhirat nanti, mereka mengira bahwa amal mereka di dunia akan menolong dan melepaskan mereka dari kedahsyatan dan kesulitan di padang mahsyar, tetapi nyatanya semua itu tak ada gunanya sama sekali karena tidak dilandasi oleh iman, keikhlasan, dan kejujuran. Bukan saja mereka dikecewakan oleh harapan-harapan palsu, tetapi di hadapan mereka telah tersedia pula balasan atas segala dosa dan keingkaran mereka, yaitu neraka Jahanam yang amat panas dan menyala-nyala. Allah telah memberitahukan kepada mereka perhitungan amal mereka dan Malaikat Zabaniah telah siap sedia menggiring mereka ke neraka. Allah berfirman:

Dan Kami akan perlihatkan segala amal yang mereka kerjakan, lalu Kami akan jadikan amal itu (bagaikan) debu yang beterbangan.(al-Furqan/25: 23)