Surah 4 · 4:95

Surah An-Nisa 4:95

An-Nisa · The Women

لَّا يَسْتَوِى ٱلْقَـٰعِدُونَ مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُوْلِى ٱلضَّرَرِ وَٱلْمُجَـٰهِدُونَ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ بِأَمْوَٲلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ‌ۚ فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْمُجَـٰهِدِينَ بِأَمْوَٲلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ عَلَى ٱلْقَـٰعِدِينَ دَرَجَةً‌ۚ وَكُلاًّ وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ‌ۚ وَفَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْمُجَـٰهِدِينَ عَلَى ٱلْقَـٰعِدِينَ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا

La yastawee alqaAAidoona minaalmu/mineena ghayru olee addarari walmujahidoonafee sabeeli Allahi bi-amwalihim waanfusihim faddalaAllahu almujahideena bi-amwalihimwaanfusihim AAala alqaAAideena darajatan wakullanwaAAada Allahu alhusna wafaddala Allahualmujahideena AAala alqaAAideena ajran AAatheema

Not equal are those believers remaining [at home] - other than the disabled - and the mujāhideen, [who strive and fight] in the cause of Allāh with their wealth and their lives. Allāh has preferred the mujāhideen through their wealth and their lives over those who remain [behind], by degrees. And to all [i.e., both] Allāh has promised the best [reward]. But Allāh has preferred the mujāhideen over those who remain [behind] with a great reward -

Tidaklah sama antara orang beriman yang duduk (yang tidak turut berperang) tanpa mempunyai uzur (halangan) dengan orang yang berjihad di jalan Allah dengan harta dan jiwanya. Allah melebihkan derajat orang-orang yang berjihad dengan harta dan jiwanya atas orang-orang yang duduk (tidak ikut berperang tanpa halangan). Kepada masing-masing, Allah menjanjikan (pahala) yang baik (surga) dan Allah melebihkan orang-orang yang berjihad atas orang yang duduk dengan pahala yang besar,

SurahAn-Nisa
Juz5
Page94
Revelationmadinah

Tafsir

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

The Mujahid and those Who Do not Join Jihad are Not the Same, [and Jihad is Fard Kifayah]

Al-Bukhari recorded that Al-Bara' said, "When the Ayah,

لاَّ يَسْتَوِى الْقَـعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

(Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home),) was revealed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called Zayd and commanded him to write it. Then, Ibn Umm Maktum came and mentioned that he was blind. Allah revealed,

غَيْرُ أُوْلِى الضَّرَرِ

(except those who are disabled (by injury or are blind or lame))." Al-Bukhari recorded that Sahl bin Sa`d As-Sa`di said, "I saw Marwan bin Al-Hakam sitting in the Masjid. I came and sat by his side. He told us that Zayd bin Thabit told him that Allah's Messenger ﷺ dictated this Ayah to him,

لاَّ يَسْتَوِى الْقَـعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُوْلِى الضَّرَرِ وَالْمُجَـهِدُونَ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ

(Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home), except those who are disabled, and those who strive hard and fight in the cause of Allah) Ibn Umm Maktum came to the Prophet as he was dictating that very Ayah to me. Ibn Umm Maktum said, `O Allah's Messenger! By Allah, if I had power, I would surely take part in Jihad.' He was a blind man. So Allah sent down revelation to His Messenger while his thigh was on mine and it became so heavy for me that I feared that my thigh would be broken. That ended after Allah revealed,

غَيْرُ أُوْلِى الضَّرَرِ

(except those who are disabled)." This was recorded by Al-Bukhari. At-Tirmidhi recorded that Ibn `Abbas said,

لاَّ يَسْتَوِى الْقَـعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُوْلِى الضَّرَرِ

(Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home), except those who are disabled), refers to those who did not go to the battle of Badr and those who went to Badr. When the battle of Badr was about to occur, Abu Ahmad bin Jahsh and Ibn Umm Maktum said, `We are blind, O Messenger of Allah! Do we have an excuse' The Ayah,

لاَّ يَسْتَوِى الْقَـعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُوْلِى الضَّرَرِ

(Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home), except those who are disabled) was revealed. Allah made those who fight, above those who sit in their homes not hindered by disability.

وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَـهِدِينَ عَلَى الْقَـعِدِينَ أَجْراً عَظِيماًدَرَجَـتٍ مِّنْهُ

(but Allah has preferred those who strive hard and fight, above those who sit (at home), by a huge reward. Degrees of (higher) grades from Him), above the believers who sit at home without a disability hindering them." This is the wording recorded by At-Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Gharib. Allah's statement,

لاَّ يَسْتَوِى الْقَـعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

(Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home),) this is general. Soon after, the revelation came down with,

غَيْرُ أُوْلِى الضَّرَرِ

(except those who are disabled). So whoever has a disability, such as blindness, a limp, or an illness that prevents them from joining Jihad, they were not compared to the Mujahidin who strive in Allah's cause with their selves and wealth, as those who are not disabled and did not join the Jihad were. In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded that Anas said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«إِنَّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَقْوَامًا مَا سِرْتُمْ مِنْ مَسِيرٍ، وَلَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ وَادٍ، إِلَّا وَهُمْ مَعَكُمْ فِيه»

قالوا: وهم بالمدينة يا رسول الله؟ (There are people who remained in Al-Madinah, who were with you in every march you marched and every valley you crossed.) They said, "While they are still in Al-Madinah, O Messenger of Allah" He said,

«نَعَمْ حَبَسَهُمُ الْعُذْر»

(Yes. Only their disability hindered them (from joining you).) Allah said,

وَكُلاًّ وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْحُسْنَى

(Unto each, Allah has promised good) meaning, Paradise and tremendous rewards. This Ayah indicates that Jihad is not Fard on each and every individual, but it is Fard Kifayah (which is a collective duty). Allah then said,

وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَـهِدِينَ عَلَى الْقَـعِدِينَ أَجْراً عَظِيماً

(but Allah has preferred those who strive hard and fight, above those who sit (at home), by a huge reward). Allah mentions what He has given them rooms in Paradise, along with His forgiveness and the descent of mercy and blessing on them, as a favor and honor from Him. So He said;

دَرَجَـتٍ مِّنْهُ وَمَغْفِرَةً وَرَحْمَةً وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً

(Degrees of (higher) grades from Him, and forgiveness and mercy. And Allah is Ever Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.). In the Two Sahihs, it is recorded that Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«إِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ مِائَةَ دَرَجَةٍ، أَعَدَّهَا اللهُ لِلْمُجَاهِدِينَ فِي سَبِيلِهِ، مَا بَيْنَ كُلِّ دَرَجَتَيْنِ كَمَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْض»

(There are a hundred grades in Paradise that Allah has prepared for the Mujahidin in His cause, between each two grades is the distance between heaven and Earth.)

Tafsir Kemenag RI

Orang mukmin yang berjuang untuk membela agama Allah dengan penuh keimanan dan keikhlasan tidaklah sama derajatnya dengan orang yang enggan berbuat demikian. Ayat ini menekankan bahwa perbedaan derajat antara kedua golongan itu adalah sedemikian besarnya, sehingga orang-orang yang berjihad mempunyai derajat yang amat tinggi. Apabila orang yang tidak berjihad menyadari kerugian mereka dalam hal ini, maka mereka akan tergugah hatinya dan berusaha untuk mencapai derajat yang tinggi, dengan turut serta berjihad bersama-sama kaum mukminin lainnya. Untuk itulah ayat ini mengemukakan perbedaan antara kedua golongan tersebut.

Dengan demikian maksud yang terkandung dalam ayat ini sama dengan maksud yang dikandung dalam firman Allah pada ayat lain yang menerangkan perbedaan derajat antara orang-orang mukmin yang berilmu pengetahuan dan orang-orang yang tidak berilmu.

¦.Katakanlah, "Apakah sama orang-orang yang mengetahui dengan orang-orang yang tidak mengetahui?" ¦ (az-Zumar/39:9).

Orang yang berilmu pengetahuan jauh lebih tinggi derajatnya daripada orang yang tidak berilmu. Apabila orang yang tidak berilmu mengetahui kekurangan derajatnya, semoga hati mereka tergerak untuk mencari ilmu pengetahuan dengan giat, sehingga dapat meningkatkan derajat mereka.

Ayat ini turun pada waktu Perang Badar. Di antara kaum Muslimin ada orang-orang yang tetap tinggal di rumah, dan tidak bersedia berangkat ke medan perang. Lalu turunlah ayat ini untuk mengingatkan mereka bahwa dengan sikap yang semacam itu, mereka berada pada derajat yang rendah, dibanding dengan derajat orang-orang yang berjihad dengan penuh iman dan kesadaran.

Sementara ada di antara kaum Muslimin yang sangat ingin untuk ikut berjihad, tetapi niat dan keinginan mereka tidak dapat mereka laksanakan karena mereka uzur, misalnya: karena buta, pincang, sakit dan sebagainya, atau mereka tidak mempunyai sesuatu untuk disumbangkan.

Orang-orang semacam itu, tidak bisa disamakan dengan orang yang enggan berjihad, melainkan disamakan dengan orang-orang yang berjihad dengan harta benda dan jiwa raga mereka. Ayat ini juga menjelaskan bahwa mereka yang benar-benar berjihad dengan harta benda dan jiwa raganya memperoleh martabat yang lebih tinggi satu derajat dari mereka yang tidak berjihad karena uzur. Namun golongan itu akan mendapatkan pahala dari Allah, karena iman dan niat mereka yang ikhlas.

Allah akan memberikan pahala yang jauh lebih besar kepada mereka yang berjihad, dari mereka yang tidak berjihad tanpa uzur. Berjuang atau berjihad "dengan harta benda" ialah: menggunakan harta benda milik sendiri untuk keperluan jihad, atau untuk keperluan orang lain yang turut berjihad, misalnya: bahan-bahan perbekalan berupa makanan, kendaraan, senjata dan sebagainya. Berjuang dengan "jiwa raga" berarti: ia rela mengorbankan miliknya yang paling berharga baginya, yaitu tenaga bahkan jiwanya, sekalipun ia menerima perbekalan dari orang lain, karena ia tidak mempunyainya.

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Word by word

لَّا

Not

يَسۡتَوِي

yastawī

(are) equal

ٱلۡقَٰعِدُونَ

l-qāʿidūna

the ones who sit

مِنَ

mina

among

ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ

l-mu'minīna

the believers

غَيۡرُ

ghayru

other than

أُوْلِي

ulī

the ones (who are)

ٱلضَّرَرِ

l-ḍarari

[the] disabled

وَٱلۡمُجَٰهِدُونَ

wal-mujāhidūna

and the ones who strive

فِي

in

سَبِيلِ

sabīli

(the) way

ٱللَّهِ

l-lahi

(of) Allah

بِأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ

bi-amwālihim

with their wealth

وَأَنفُسِهِمۡۚ

wa-anfusihim

and their lives

فَضَّلَ

faḍḍala

Preferred

ٱللَّهُ

l-lahu

(has) Allah

ٱلۡمُجَٰهِدِينَ

l-mujāhidīna

the ones who strive

بِأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ

bi-amwālihim

with their wealth

وَأَنفُسِهِمۡ

wa-anfusihim

and their lives

عَلَى

ʿalā

to

ٱلۡقَٰعِدِينَ

l-qāʿidīna

the ones who sit

دَرَجَةٗۚ

darajatan

(in) rank

وَكُلّٗا

wakullan

And (to) all

وَعَدَ

waʿada

promised

ٱللَّهُ

l-lahu

(has) Allah

ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۚ

l-ḥus'nā

the best

وَفَضَّلَ

wafaḍḍala

preferred

ٱللَّهُ

l-lahu

(has) Allah

ٱلۡمُجَٰهِدِينَ

l-mujāhidīna

the ones who strive

عَلَى

ʿalā

over

ٱلۡقَٰعِدِينَ

l-qāʿidīna

the ones who sit

أَجۡرًا

ajran

(with) a reward

عَظِيمٗا

ʿaẓīman

great