Surah An-Nisa 4:153

The Stubbornness of the Jews

Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi, As-Suddi and Qatadah said that the Jews asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to cause a book to come down to them from heaven, just as the Tawrah was sent down to Musa. Ibn Jurayj said that the Jews asked the Messenger to cause books to come down to them addressed to so-and-so among them, testifying to the truth of what he was sent with. The Jews only asked for this because of their stubbornness, defiance, rejection and disbelief. The disbelievers of Quraysh also asked for similar things from the Prophet, as is mentioned in Surat Al-Isra',

وَقَالُواْ لَن نُّؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّى تَفْجُرَ لَنَا مِنَ الاٌّرْضِ يَنْبُوعًا

(And they say: "We shall not believe in you, until you cause a spring to gush forth from the earth for us;) (17:90) Allah said,

فَقَدْ سَأَلُواْ مُوسَى أَكْبَرَ مِن ذلِكَ فَقَالُواْ أَرِنَا اللَّهِ جَهْرَةً فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّـعِقَةُ بِظُلْمِهِمْ

(Indeed, they asked Musa for even greater than that, when they said, "Show us Allah in public," but they were struck with a bolt of lightning for their wickedness.) injustice, transgression, defiance and rebellion. This part was explained in Surat Al-Baqarah,

وَإِذْ قُلْتُمْ يَـمُوسَى لَن نُّؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّى نَرَى اللَّهَ جَهْرَةً فَأَخَذَتْكُمُ الصَّـعِقَةُ وَأَنتُمْ تَنظُرُونَ - ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَـكُم مِّن بَعْدِ مَوْتِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ

(And (remember) when you said: "O Musa! We shall never believe in you until we see Allah plainly." But you were struck by a bolt of lightning while you were looking. Then We raised you up after your death, so that you might be grateful.) (2:55,56) Allah's statement,

ثُمَّ اتَّخَذُواْ الْعِجْلَ مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَـتُ

(Then they worshipped the calf even after Al-Bayyinat had come to them.) meaning, after they witnessed the tremendous miracles and unequivocal proofs at the hand of Musa in Egypt. They also witnessed the demise of their enemy, Fir`awn and his soldiers, when they all drowned in the sea. Yet soon after, when they passed by a people who were worshipping idols, they said to Musa,

اجْعَلْ لَّنَآ إِلَـهًا كَمَا لَهُمْ ءَالِهَةٌ

(Make for us a god as they have gods.) Allah explains the story of the Jews worshipping the calf in Surat Al-A`raf (7) and Surah Ta Ha (20) after Musa went to meet with his Lord. When Musa returned, Allah decreed that in order for the Jews to earn accepted repentance, then those who did not worship the calf would have to kill those who worshipped it. They complied with this command, and Allah resurrected them afterwards. Allah said here,

فَعَفَوْنَا عَن ذلِكَ وَءَاتَيْنَا مُوسَى سُلْطَـناً مُّبِيناً

((Even) so We forgave them. And We gave Musa a clear proof of authority. ) Allah then said,

وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَهُمُ الطُّورَ بِمِيثَـقِهِمْ

(And for their covenant, We raised over them the mount,) This was when they refrained from implementing the rulings of the Tawrah and refused what Musa brought them from Allah. So Allah raised the mountain above their heads and they were ordered to prostrate, which they did. Even so, they were looking above when they were prostrating for fear that the mountain might fall on them,

وَإِذ نَتَقْنَا الْجَبَلَ فَوْقَهُمْ كَأَنَّهُ ظُلَّةٌ وَظَنُّواْ أَنَّهُ وَاقِعٌ بِهِمْ خُذُواْ مَآ ءَاتَيْنَاكُم بِقُوَّةٍ

(And (remember) when We raised the mountain over them as if it had been a canopy, and they thought that it was going to fall on them. (We said): "Hold firmly to what We have given you.") Allah then said,

وَقُلْنَا لَهُمُ ادْخُلُواْ الْبَابَ سُجَّداً

(and We said, "Enter the gate prostrating (or bowing) with humility;") meaning that they also defied this command in word and action. They were commanded to enter Bayt Al-Quds (in Jerusalem) while bowing and saying "Hittah", meaning: `O Allah! take from us our sin of abandoning Jihad.' This was the cause of their wandering in the desert of Tih for forty years. Yet, they entered the House while crawling on their rear ends and saying `Hintah (a wheat grain) in Sha`rah (the hair)'.

وَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ لاَ تَعْدُواْ فِى السَّبْتِ

(and We commanded them, "Transgress not the Sabbath (Saturday).") meaning, We commanded them to honor the Sabbath and honor what Allah prohibited them on that day.

وَأَخَذْنَا مِنْهُمْ مِّيثَـقاً غَلِيظاً

t(And We took from them a firm covenant.) meaning, strong covenant. They rebelled, transgressed and committed what Allah prohibited by using deceit and trickery, as is mentioned in Surat Al-A`raf (7),

وَسْئَلْهُمْ عَنِ الْقَرْيَةِ الَّتِى كَانَتْ حَاضِرَةَ الْبَحْرِ

(And ask them about the town that was by the sea.)

فَبِمَا نَقْضِهِمْ مَّيثَـقَهُمْ وَكُفْرِهِم بَـَايَـتِ اللَّهِ وَقَتْلِهِمُ الاٌّنْبِيَآءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَقَوْلِهِمْ قُلُوبُنَا غُلْفٌ بَلْ طَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَلاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً - وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ وَقَوْلِهِمْ عَلَى مَرْيَمَ بُهْتَـناً عَظِيماً - وَقَوْلِهِمْ إِنَّا قَتَلْنَا الْمَسِيحَ عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ وَمَا صَلَبُوهُ وَلَـكِن شُبِّهَ لَهُمْ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُواْ فِيهِ لَفِى شَكٍّ مِّنْهُ مَا لَهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِلاَّ اتِّبَاعَ الظَّنِّ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ يَقِيناً - بَل رَّفَعَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزاً حَكِيماً

Diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Jarir dan Ibnu Juraij bahwa orang-orang Yahudi berkata kepada Nabi Muhammad saw, "Kami tidak akan membenarkan ajakanmu, kecuali jika kamu dapat membawakan kepada kami sebuah kitab dari Allah kepada Fulan bahwa engkau adalah utusan Allah, dan Fulan yang lain menyatakan bahwa engkau utusan Allah," dan begitulah seterusnya mereka menyebut beberapa nama orang-orang tertentu dan pendeta-pendeta Yahudi. Mereka berbuat demikian itu tidak lain hanya semata-mata untuk membangkang kepada Nabi Muhammad.

Orang-orang Yahudi meminta kepada Nabi Muhammad saw supaya diturunkan kepada mereka kitab dari langit yang menyebutkan bahwa Muhammad adalah rasul Allah. Dalam menghadapi persoalan ini, Allah menyuruh Nabi Muhammad untuk bersabar, jangan kaget, karena orang-orang Yahudi pernah meminta kepada Musa yang lebih besar dari itu. Mereka meminta kepada Musa supaya diperlihatkan Allah kepada mereka dengan nyata. Permintaan yang seperti itu menunjukkan kebodohan, karena mereka menyangka bahwa Allah mempunyai tubuh yang dapat dilihat dengan nyata. Tabiat mereka yang suka mengingkari mukjizat dan tidak membedakan antara mukjizat seorang nabi dengan keanehan dari tukang sihir yang semata-mata untuk dijadikan tontonan, adalah menunjukkan keinginan dan kebodohan mereka, dan bagaimanapun keadaannya, permintaan mereka itu tidak patut dilayani, karena mereka tetap tidak akan percaya, seperti firman Allah:

Dan sekiranya Kami turunkan kepadamu (Muhammad) tulisan di atas kertas, sehingga mereka dapat memegangnya dengan tangan mereka sendiri, niscaya orang-orang kafir itu akan berkata, "Ini tidak lain hanyalah sihir yang nyata." (al-An'am/6:7).

Orang-orang Yahudi yang ingin melihat Allah, disambar petir sampai mati akibat permintaannya yang lancang itu, kemudian mereka dihidupkan kembali. Semestinya mereka berlaku hati-hati agar tidak terperosok dalam suatu kesalahan yang berakibat bencana besar, tetapi mereka membuat berhala berbentuk anak sapi yang mereka sembah bersama-sama. Padahal sudah datang kepada mereka bukti-bukti yang nyata seperti tongkat Nabi Musa yang dapat membelah laut, jika tongkat itu dipukulkan pada batu, maka batu itu memancarkan air sebagai sumber air minum. Banyak lagi mukjizat lain yang membuktikan keesaan Allah.

Allah masih juga memberi ampun kepada mereka tatkala mereka bertobat dengan sungguh-sungguh. Kemudian Allah memberikan kekuasaan kepada Musa a.s. untuk dapat mendudukkan dan mengembalikan mereka kepada jalan yang benar.