Surah Ali 'Imran 3:77

There is No Share in the Hereafter for Those Who Break Allah's Covenant

Allah states that whoever prefers the small things of this short, soon to end life, instead of fulfilling what they have promised Allah by following Muhammad , announcing his description from their books to people and affirming his truth, then,

أُوْلَـئِكَ لاَ خَلَـقَ لَهُمْ فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ

(they shall have no portion in the Hereafter.)

They will not have a share or part in the Hereafter's rewards,

وَلاَ يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللَّهُ وَلاَ يَنظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ

(Neither will Allah speak to them nor look at them on the Day of Resurrection) with His mercy. This Ayah indicates that Allah will not speak words of kindness nor look at them with any mercy,

وَلاَ يُزَكِّيهِمْ

(nor will He purify them) from sins and impurities. Rather, He will order them to the Fire,

وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ

(and they shall have a painful torment.)

There are several Hadiths on the subject of this Ayah, some of which follow. The First Hadith

Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Dharr said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, c

«ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللهُ، وَلَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ، وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيم»

قلت: يا رسول الله، من هم؟ خابوا وخسروا قال: وأعاده رسول اللهصلى الله عليه وسلّم ثلاث مرات، قال:

«الْمُسْبِلُ، وَالْمُنَفِّقُ سِلْعَتَهُ بِالْحَلِفِ الْكَاذِبِ، وَالْمَنَّان»

(There are three persons whom Allah will not speak to, look at on the Day of Resurrection or purify, and they shall taste a painful torment. I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Who are they, may they gain failure and loss' He said, repeating this statement thrice, `The Musbil (man whose clothes reach below the ankles), he who swears while lying so as to sell his merchandize and the one who gives charity and reminds people of it).')" This was also recorded by Muslim, and the collectors of the Sunan. Another Hadith

Imam Ahmad recorded that `Adi bin `Amirah Al-Kindi said, "Imru' Al-Qays bin `Abis, a man from Kindah, disputed with a man from Hadramut in front of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ concerning a piece of land. The Prophet required the man from Hadramut to present his evidence, but he did not have any. The Prophet required Imru' Al-Qays to swear to his truthfulness, but the man from Hadramut said, `O Messenger of Allah! If you only require him to swear, then by the Lord of the Ka`bah (Allah), my land is lost.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلى يَمِينٍ كَاذِبَةٍ لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ أَحَدٍ، لَقِيَ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَان»

(Whoever swears while lying to acquire the property of others, will meet Allah while He is angry with him.)" Raja' one of the narrators of the Hadith, said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ then recited,

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَـنِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيًلا

(Verily, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths...)

Imru' Al-Qays said, `What if one forfeits this dispute, what will he gain, O Messenger of Allah' The Prophet answered, `Paradise.' Imru' Al-Qays said, `Bear witness that I forfeit all the land for him."' An-Nasa'i also recorded this Hadith. Another Hadith

Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلى يَمِينٍ هُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ، لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِى مُسْلِمٍ، لَقِيَ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَان»

(Whoever takes a false oath to deprive a Muslim of his property will meet Allah while He is angry with him.)

Al-Ash`ath said, "By Allah! This verse was revealed concerning me. I owned some land with a Jewish man who denied my right, and I complained against him to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Prophet asked me, `Do you have evidence' I said, `I don't have evidence.' He said to the Jew, `Take an oath then.' I said, `O Allah's Messenger! He will take a (false) oath immediately, and I will lose my property.' Allah revealed the verse,

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَـنِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيًلا

(Verily, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths...)"

The Two Sahihs recorded this Hadith. Another Hadith

Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَلَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ، وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ: رَجُلٌ مَنَعَ ابْنَ السَّبِيلِ فَضْلَ مَاءٍ عِنْدَهُ، وَرَجُلٌ حَلَفَ عَلى سِلْعَةٍ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ يَعْنِي كَاذِبًا وَرَجُلٌ بَايَعَ إِمَامًا، فَإِنْ أَعْطَاهُ وَفَى لَهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ لَمْ يَفِ لَه»

(Three persons whom Allah shall not speak to on the Day of Resurrection, or look at, or purify them, and they shall taste a painful torment. (They are) a man who does not give the wayfarer some of the water that he has; a man who swears, while lying, in order to complete a sales transaction after the `Asr prayer; and a man who gives his pledge of allegiance to an Imam (Muslim Ruler), and if the Imam gives him (something), he fulfills the pledge, but if the Imam does not give him, he does not fulfill the pledge).

Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi also recorded this Hadith, and At-Tirmidhi graded it Hasan Sahih.

Mengenai sabab nuzul ayat ini dijelaskan dalam hadis diriwayatkan oleh al-Bukhari dan ahli-ahli hadis yang lain bahwa al-Asy'ats bin Qais berkata, "Aku mempunyai perjanjian sewa tanah dengan seorang Yahudi lalu dia mengingkarinya. Sebab itu aku mengajukannya kepada Rasulullah saw." Kemudian Rasulullah bersabda, "Apakah engkau mempunyai bukti?" Aku berkata, "Tidak." Sesudah itu Rasulullah berkata kepada Yahudi itu, "Bersumpahlah." Lalu aku berkata, "Hai Rasulullah! Kalau begitu, ia akan bersumpah. (Dan kalau bersumpah) maka akan lenyaplah hartaku." Maka Allah menurunkan ayat ini.

Dalam ayat ini dijelaskan berbagai akibat yang akan diderita oleh orang yang mengingkari janji Allah dan melanggar sumpah dengan harga atau imbalan yang murah.

Yang dimaksud dengan "janji Allah" dalam ayat ini ialah perintah Allah dan larangan-Nya yang disampaikan dengan perantaraan rasul yang disebutkan dalam kitab-kitab-Nya. Seperti berlaku benar, memenuhi janji yang telah dibuat, menyampaikan amanat kepada yang berhak menerimanya, menyembah Allah dengan tidak mempersekutukan-Nya, dan bertakwa kepada-Nya dalam semua urusan. Yang dimaksud dengan sumpah mereka ialah ikrar yang telah mereka ucapkan bahwa mereka akan selalu mengikuti kebenaran.

Yang dimaksud dengan "menukar janji Allah dengan harga yang sedikit" (murah) ialah mengingkari janji Allah dengan perbuatan duniawi yang dipandang lebih baik. Segala macam pengingkaran ini dipandang rendah atau tak bernilai sama sekali dibandingkan dengan nikmat yang akan diperoleh bila memenuhi janji Allah.

Adapun akibat yang akan diderita oleh mereka yang berani menukar janji Allah dengan nikmat dunia, ialah mereka tidak akan mendapat balasan sedikit pun berupa nikmat di akhirat yang berlimpah-limpah. Mereka tidak akan mendapat perhatian dari Allah pada hari kiamat, juga mereka tidak akan mendapat pengampunan dosa sedikit pun.

Menurut keterangan al-Qaffal bahwa yang dimaksud dengan firman Allah, "Dan Allah tidak akan berkata-kata dengan mereka", ialah gambaran dari kemarahan Allah yang memuncak terhadap mereka. Dengan ringkas dapat dikatakan bahwa Allah mengancam dengan keras orang yang merusak perjanjian dan mengingkari janji. Mereka tidak akan memperoleh pahala di akhirat, mereka akan menderita siksaan yang pedih, mereka dibenci Allah dan tidak mendapat belas kasih-Nya lagi.