Surah Al-Qalam 68:11

Prohibition of giving in to the Pressure of the Disbelievers and Their Suggestions, and that They like to meet in the Middle of the Path

Allah says, `just as We have favored you and given you the upright legislation and great (standard of) character,'

فَلاَ تُطِعِ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ - وَدُّواْ لَوْ تُدْهِنُ فَيُدْهِنُونَ

(So, do not obey the deniers. They wish that you should compromise with them, so they (too) would compromise with you.) Ibn `Abbas said, "That you would permit them (their idolatry) and they also would permit you (to practice your religion)." Mujahid said,

وَدُّواْ لَوْ تُدْهِنُ فَيُدْهِنُونَ

(They wish that you should compromise with them, so they (too) would compromise with you.) "This means that you should be quiet about their gods and abandon the truth that you are upon." Then Allah says,

وَلاَ تُطِعْ كُلَّ حَلاَّفٍ مَّهِينٍ

(And do not obey every Hallaf (one who swears much) Mahin (liar or worthless person).) This is because the liar, due to his weakness and his disgracefulness, only seeks protection in his false oaths which he boldly swears to while using Allah's Names, and he uses them (false oaths) all the time and out of place (i.e., unnecessarily). Ibn `Abbas said, "Al-Mahin means the liar." Then Allah says,

هَمَّازٍ

(A Hammaz, ) Ibn `Abbas and Qatadah both said, "This is slander."

مَّشَّآءِ بِنَمِيمٍ

(going about with Namim,) This refers to the one who goes around among people instigating discord between them and carrying tales in order to corrupt relations between people when they are good and pleasant. It is confirmed in the Two Sahihs that Mujahid reported from Tawus that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ once passed by two graves and he said,

«إِنَّهُمَا لَيُعَذَّبَانِ وَمَا يُعَذَّبَانِ فِي كَبِيرٍ، أَمَّا أَحَدُهُمَا فَكَانَ لَا يَسْتَتِرُ مِنَ الْبَوْلِ، وَأَمَّا الْاخَرُ فَكَانَ يَمْشِي بِالنَّمِيمَة»

(Verily, these two are being punished, and they are not being punished for something major. One of them was not careful about protecting himself from urine (when relieving himself). The other one used to spread Namimah.)" This Hadith has been recorded by the Group in their books through routes of transmission that are all on the authority of Mujahid. Imam Ahmad recorded that Hudhayfah said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying,

«لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ قَتَّات»

(The slanderer will not enter into Paradise.)" This Hadith has been reported by the Group except for Ibn Majah. Concerning Allah's statement,

مَّنَّاعٍ لِّلْخَيْرِ مُعْتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ

(Hinderer of good, transgressor, sinful,) it means, he refuses to give and withholds that which he has of good.

مُعْتَدٍ

(transgressor,) this means, in attaining that which Allah has made permissible for him, he exceeds the legislated bounds.

أَثِيمٍ

(sinful,) meaning, he delves into the forbidden things. Concerning Allah's statement,

عُتُلٍّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ زَنِيمٍ

(`Utul, and moreover Zanim.) `Utul means one who is cruel, harsh, strong, greedy and stingy. Imam Ahmad recorded from Al-Harithah bin Wahb that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«أَلَا أُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِأَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ؟ كُلُّ ضَعِيفٍ مُتَضَعِّفٍ لَوْ أَقْسَمَ عَلَى اللهِ لَأَبَرَّهُ. أَلَا أُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِأَهْلِ النَّارِ؟ كُلُّ عُتُلَ جَوَّاظٍ مُسْتَكْبِر»

(Shall I inform you of the people of Paradise (They will be) every weak and oppressed person. When he swears by Allah, he fulfills his oath. Shall I inform you of the people of the Fire Every `Utul (cruel person), Jawwaz and arrogant person.) Al-Waki` said, "It (`Utul) is every Jawwaz, Ja`zari and arrogant person." Both Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded this in their Two Sahihs, as well as the rest of the Group, except for Abu Dawud. All of its routes of transmission are by way of Sufyan Ath-Thawri and Shu`bah who both reported it from Sa`id bin Khalid. The scholars of Arabic language have said that Ja`zari means rude and harsh, while Jawwaz means greedy and stingy. Concerning the word Zanim, Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn `Abbas that he said concerning the Ayah,

عُتُلٍّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ زَنِيمٍ

(`Utul (cruel), and moreover Zanim.) "A man from the Quraysh who stands out among them like the sheep that has had a piece of its ear cut off." The meaning of this is that he is famous for his evil just as a sheep that has a piece of its ear cut off stands out among its sister sheep. In the Arabic language the Zanim is a person who is adopted among a group of people (i.e., he is not truly of them). Ibn Jarir and others among the Imams have said this. Concerning Allah's statement,

أَن كَانَ ذَا مَالٍ وَبَنِينَ - إِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ ءَايَـتُنَا قَالَ أَسَـطِيرُ الاٌّوَّلِينَ

((He was so) because he had wealth and children. When Our Ayat are recited to him, he says: "Tales of the men of old!") Allah is saying, `this is how he responds to the favors that Allah has bestowed upon him of wealth and children, by disbelieving in Allah's Ayat and turning away from them while claiming that they are a lie that has been taken from the tales of the ancients.' This is similar to Allah's statement,

ذَرْنِى وَمَنْ خَلَقْتُ وَحِيداً - وَجَعَلْتُ لَهُ مَالاً مَّمْدُوداً - وَبَنِينَ شُهُوداً - وَمَهَّدتُّ لَهُ تَمْهِيداً - ثُمَّ يَطْمَعُ أَنْ أَزِيدَ - كَلاَّ إِنَّهُ كان لاٌّيَـتِنَا عَنِيداً - سَأُرْهِقُهُ صَعُوداً - إِنَّهُ فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ - فَقُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ - ثُمَّ قُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ - ثُمَّ نَظَرَ - ثُمَّ عَبَسَ وَبَسَرَ - ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ - فَقَالَ إِنْ هَـذَآ إِلاَّ سِحْرٌ يُؤْثَرُ - إِنْ هَـذَآ إِلاَّ قَوْلُ الْبَشَرِ - سَأُصْلِيهِ سَقَرَ - وَمَآ أَدْرَاكَ مَا سَقَرُ - لاَ تُبْقِى وَلاَ تَذَرُ - لَوَّاحَةٌ لِّلْبَشَرِ - عَلَيْهَا تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ

(Leave Me alone (to deal) with whom I created lonely (without any wealth and children etc.). And then granted him resources in abundance. And children to be by his side. And made life smooth and comfortable for him. After all that he desires that I should give more. Nay! Verily, he has been opposing Our Ayat. I shall oblige him to face a severe torment! Verily, he thought and plotted. So let him be cursed, how he plotted! And once more let him be cursed, how he plotted! Then he thought. Then he frowned and he looked in a bad tempered way. Then he turned back, and was proud. Then he said: "This is nothing but magic from that of old, this is nothing but the word of a human being!" I will cast him into Hellfire. And what will make you know what Hellfire is It spares not (any sinner), nor does it leave (anything unburned)! Burning and blackening the skins! Over it are nineteen (angels as keepers of Hell).) 74:11-30 Then Allah said here,

سَنَسِمُهُ عَلَى الْخُرْطُومِ

(We shall brand him on the snout!) Ibn Jarir said, "We will make his matter clear and evident so that they will know him and he will not be hidden from them, just as the branding mark on the snouts (of animals)." Others have said,

سَنَسِمُهُ

(We shall brand him) This is the mark of the people of the Hell-fire; meaning, `We will blacken his face on the Day of Judgement,' and the face has been referred to here as snout.

إِنَّا بَلَوْنَـهُمْ كَمَا بَلَوْنَآ أَصْحَـبَ الْجَنَّةِ إِذْ أَقْسَمُواْ لَيَصْرِمُنَّهَا مُصْبِحِينَ - وَلاَ يَسْتَثْنُونَ - فَطَافَ عَلَيْهَا طَآئِفٌ مِّن رَّبِّكَ وَهُمْ نَآئِمُونَ - فَأَصْبَحَتْ كَالصَّرِيمِ - فَتَنَادَوْاْ مُصْبِحِينَ - أَنِ اغْدُواْ عَلَى حَرْثِكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ صَـرِمِينَ - فَانطَلَقُواْ وَهُمْ يَتَخَـفَتُونَ - أَن لاَّ يَدْخُلَنَّهَا الْيَوْمَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِّسْكِينٌ - وَغَدَوْاْ عَلَى حَرْدٍ قَـدِرِينَ - فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهَا قَالُواْ إِنَّا لَضَآلُّونَ بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ قَالَ أَوْسَطُهُمْ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَّكُمْ لَوْلاَ تُسَبِّحُونَ

Dalam ayat-ayat ini, Allah mengingatkan dan memerintahkan Nabi Muhammad agar:

1.Tidak mengikuti keinginan orang-orang yang mudah mengucapkan sumpah, karena yang suka bersumpah itu hanyalah seorang pendusta. Sedangkan dusta itu pangkal kejahatan dan sumber segala macam perbuatan maksiat. Oleh karena itu pula, agama Islam menyatakan bahwa dusta itu salah satu dari tanda-tanda orang munafik. Nabi Muhammad bersabda, sebagaimana diriwayatkan al-Bukhari:Tanda-tanda orang munafik itu ada tiga: jika berbicara, ia berdusta, jika dipercaya, ia khianat, dan jika berjanji, ia tidak menepati janjinya. (Riwayat al-Bukhari, Muslim, at-Tirmidhi, dan an-Nasa'i dari Abu Hurairah)

Orang yang suka bersumpah adalah orang yang tidak baik. Orang yang tidak baik pikiran dan maksudnya kepada orang lain menyangka bahwa orang lain demikian pula kepadanya. Oleh karena itu, untuk meyakinkan orang lain akan kebenaran dirinya, ia pun bersumpah.

1.Tidak mengikuti orang yang berpikiran hina dan menyesatkan, seperti ajakan mengikuti agama mereka dalam beberapa hal.

1.Tidak mengikuti orang yang selalu mencela orang lain, dan menyebut-nyebut keburukan orang lain baik secara langsung atau tidak.

2.Tidak mengikuti orang-orang yang suka memfitnah seperti mempengaruhi orang agar tidak senang kepada seseorang yang lain, dan berusaha menimbulkan kekacauan. Allah menyatakan bahwa fitnah dengan pengertian kekacauan itu lebih besar akibatnya dari pembunuhan.

Dan bunuhlah mereka di mana kamu temui mereka, dan usirlah mereka dari mana mereka telah mengusir kamu. Dan fitnah itu lebih kejam daripada pembunuhan. (al-Baqarah/2: 191)

1.Tidak mengikuti orang-orang yang suka melarang perbuatan baik dan menghalangi orang lain berbuat kebaikan atau dia sendiri tidak suka berbuat baik.

2.Tidak mengikuti orang yang biasa mengerjakan perbuatan yang melampaui batas, seperti orang-orang yang suka melanggar perintah Allah dan tidak menghentikan perbuatan-perbuatan yang dilarang-Nya. Allah berfirman:

Dan barang siapa mendurhakai Allah dan Rasul-Nya dan melanggar batas-batas hukum-Nya, niscaya Allah memasukkannya ke dalam api neraka, dia kekal di dalamnya dan dia akan mendapat azab yang menghinakan. (an-Nisa'/4: 14)

1.Tidak mengikuti orang-orang yang biasa mengerjakan perbuatan-perbuatan dosa dan maksiat karena ia adalah orang yang tidak mempunyai harga diri dan akhlak yang baik. Perbuatan dosa itu akan menghilangkan harga diri dan bertentangan dengan akhlak yang mulia. Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang yang suka mengerjakan perbuatan-perbuatan dosa. Dia berfirman:

Dan janganlah kamu berdebat untuk (membela) orang-orang yang mengkhianati dirinya. Sungguh, Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang yang selalu berkhianat dan bergelimang dosa. (an-Nisa'/4: 107)

1.Tidak mengikuti orang-orang yang suka berbuat kejam dan tidak mempunyai sifat belas kasihan. Allah Maha Pemurah lagi Maha Penyayang kepada hamba-hamba-Nya. Oleh karena itu, sifat kejam dan tidak mempunyai rasa belas kasihan berlawanan dengan sifat-sifat Allah. Salah satu sebab agama Islam tersiar dengan cepat di Jazirah Arab ialah karena sikap Nabi Muhammad yang lemah-lembut. Seandainya ia bersikap kasar dan kejam, niscaya orang akan menghindarinya. Allah berfirman:

Maka berkat rahmat Allah engkau (Muhammad) berlaku lemah lembut terhadap mereka. Sekiranya engkau bersikap keras dan berhati kasar, tentulah mereka menjauhkan diri dari sekitarmu. Karena itu maafkanlah mereka dan mohonkanlah ampunan untuk mereka, dan bermusyawarahlah dengan mereka dalam urusan itu. (Ali 'Imran/3: 159)

1.Tidak mengikuti orang-orang yang tidak diketahui asal-usulnya, yaitu:

1.Orang-orang yang tidak diketahui keadaannya, dari mana asalnya, apa pekerjaannya, bagaimana budi pekertinya, dan sebagainya.

2.Orang yang tidak diketahui asal usulnya dan tidak jelas maksud dan tujuannya serta apa motif yang ada di balik ajakannya.