Surah Al-Mumtahanah 60:4

The Good Example of Ibrahim and His Followers, when They disowned Their Disbelieving People

Allah the Exalted says to His faithful servants, whom He commanded to disown the disbelievers, to be enemies with them, and to distant themselves and separate from them:

(Indeed there has been an excellent example for you in Ibrahim and those with him,) meaning, his followers who believed in him,

(when they said to their people: "Verily we are free from you...") meaning, `we disown you,'

(and whatever you worship besides Allah: we rejected you,) meaning, `we disbelieve in your religion and way,'

(and there has started between us and you, hostility and hatred forever) meaning, `Animosity and enmity have appeared between us and you from now and as long as you remain on your disbelief; we will always disown you and hate you,'

(until you believe in Allah alone,) meaning, `unless, and until, you worship Allah alone without partners and disbelieve in the idols and rivals that you worship besides Him.' Allah's statement,

(except the saying of Ibrahim to his father: "Verily, I will ask forgiveness (from Allah) for you...") means, `you have a good example in Ibrahim and his people; as for Ibrahim's prayers for Allah his father, it was a promise that he made for his father.' When Ibrahim became sure that his father was an enemy of Allah, he declared himself innocent of him. Some of the believers used to invoke Allah for their parents who died as disbelievers, begging Him to forgive them. They did so claiming that Ibrahim used to invoke Allah to forgive his father. Allah the Exalted said in reply,

(It is not for the Prophet and those who believe to ask Allah's forgiveness for the idolators, even though they be of kin, after it has become clear to them that they are the dwellers of the Fire (because they died in a state of disbelief). And Ibrahim's request for his father's forgiveness was only because of a promise he made to him .But when it became clear to him that he was an enemy of Allah, he dissociated himself from him. Verily, Ibrahim was Awwah and was forbearing.) (9:113-114) Allah said here,

(Indeed there has been an excellent example for you in Ibrahim and those with him, when they said to their people: "Verily, we are free from you...") until,

(... except the saying of Ibrahim to his father: "Verily, I will ask forgiveness for you, but I have no power to do anything for you before Allah.") meaning, `You cannot follow Ibrahim's example as proof in the case mentioned here, as being allowed to ask Allah to forgive those who died on Shirk.' This is the saying of Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Muqatil bin Hayyan, Ad-Dahhak and several others. Allah the Exalted said that Ibrahim and his companions, who parted with their people and disowned their way, said afterwards, while invoking Allah in humility and submission,

(Our Lord! In You we put our trust, and to You we turn in repentance, and to You is the final Return.) meaning, `we trust in You for all matters, we surrender all of our affairs to You, and to You is the final Return in the Hereafter,'

(Our Lord! Make us not a trial for the disbelievers,) Mujahid said, "It means, `Do not punish us by their hands, nor with a punishment from You.' Or they will say, `Had these people been following the truth, the torment would not have struck them'." Ad-Dahhak said something similar. Qatadah said, "Do not give the disbelievers victory over us, thus subjecting us to trials by their hands. Surely, if You do so, they would then think that they were given victory over us because they are on the truth." This is the meaning that Ibn Jarir preferred. `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas: "Do not give them dominance over us, lest we suffer trials by their hands." Allah's statement,

(and forgive us, Our Lord! Verily, You, only You, are the Almighty, the All-Wise.) means, `cover our mistakes from being exposed to other than You, and forgive us for what (sin) is between us and You.'

(Verily, You, only You, are the Almighty,) `and those who seek refuge in Your majesty are never dealt with unjustly,'

(the All-Wise.) `in Your statements, actions, legislation and decrees.' Allah the Exalted said,

(Certainly, there has been in them an excellent example for you to follow -- for those who look forward to (the meeting with) Allah and the Last Day.) asserting what He has said before with the exemption mentioned, i.e., the good example that Allah mentioned before,

(for those who look forward to Allah and the Last Day.) thus encouraging the believers who believe in Allah and the Return to Him. Allah said,

(And whosoever turns away) meaning, from what Allah has ordained,

(verily, Allah is Al-Ghani, Al-Hamid.) Allah said in another Ayah,

(If you disbelieve, you and all on the earth together, then verily! Allah is Ghani, Hamid.) (14:8) `Ali bin Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas,

"(Ghani) is the One Who is perfectly rich." That is Allah. This is Allah's attribute that He alone is worthy of being described by; surely, He has no equal, none like unto Him. All praise is due to Allah, the One, the Irresistible.

(Hamid) means, the praiseworthy, in all His statements and actions, there is no (true) God except Him alone.

Allah memerintahkan kaum Muslimin untuk mencontoh Nabi Ibrahim dan orang-orang yang beriman besertanya, ketika ia berkata kepada kaumnya yang kafir dan menyembah berhala, "Hai kaumku, sesungguhnya kami berlepas diri dari kamu semua, dan dari apa yang kamu sembah selain Allah."

Kemudian diterangkan bahwa yang dimaksud Ibrahim dengan berlepas diri itu ialah:

1.Nabi Ibrahim mengingkari kaumnya, tidak mengacuhkan tuhan-tuhan mereka, dan tidak membenarkan perbuatan mereka yang menyembah patung-patung yang tidak dapat memberi manfaat dan mudarat kepada siapa pun. Allah berfirman:

Wahai manusia! Telah dibuat suatu perumpamaan. Maka dengarkanlah! Sesungguhnya segala yang kamu seru selain Allah tidak dapat menciptakan seekor lalat pun, walaupun mereka bersatu untuk menciptakannya. Dan jika lalat itu merampas sesuatu dari mereka, mereka tidak akan dapat merebutnya kembali dari lalat itu. Sama lemahnya yang menyembah dan yang disembah. (al-hajj/22: 73)

2.Nabi Ibrahim mengatakan bahwa antara dia dengan kaumnya yang ingkar telah terjadi permusuhan dan saling membenci selamanya. Ibrahim menyatakan akan tetap menentang kaumnya sampai mereka meninggalkan perbuatan syirik. Jika mereka telah beriman, permusuhan itu baru akan berakhir.

Terhadap ayahnya yang masih kafir, ia tidak mengambil sikap yang tegas seperti sikapnya terhadap kaumnya. Ia berjanji akan mendoakan agar Allah mengampuni dosa-dosa ayahnya. Dalam hal ini, Allah melarang kaum Muslimin mencontoh Ibrahim, sekalipun ia akhirnya berlepas tangan pula terhadap ayahnya, setelah nyata baginya keingkaran bapaknya itu.

Benar ada di antara orang yang beriman mendoakan ayah-ayah mereka yang meninggal dalam keadaan musyrik. Mereka beralasan mencontoh perbuatan Ibrahim itu. Maka Allah membantah perbuatan mereka:

Tidak pantas bagi Nabi dan orang-orang yang beriman memohonkan ampunan (kepada Allah) bagi orang-orang musyrik, sekalipun orang-orang itu kaum kerabat(nya), setelah jelas bagi mereka, bahwa orang-orang musyrik itu penghuni neraka Jahanam. Adapun permohonan ampunan Ibrahim (kepada Allah) untuk bapaknya, tidak lain hanyalah karena suatu janji yang telah diikrarkannya kepada bapaknya. Maka ketika jelas bagi Ibrahim bahwa bapaknya adalah musuh Allah, maka Ibrahim berlepas diri darinya. Sungguh, Ibrahim itu seorang yang sangat lembut hatinya lagi penyantun. (at-Taubah/9: 113-114)

Selanjutnya Nabi Ibrahim berkata kepada ayahnya bahwa dia tidak mampu menolongnya. Ia hanya bisa berdoa agar Allah memberi taufik berupa iman kepadanya.