Surah 60 · 60:10

Surah Al-Mumtahanah 60:10

Al-Mumtahanah · She that is to be examined

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا جَآءَكُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتُ مُهَـٰجِرَٲتٍ فَٱمْتَحِنُوهُنَّ‌ۖ ٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَـٰنِهِنَّ‌ۖ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَـٰتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى ٱلْكُفَّارِ‌ۖ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ‌ۖ وَءَاتُوهُم مَّآ أَنفَقُواْ‌ۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَآ ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ‌ۚ وَلَا تُمْسِكُواْ بِعِصَمِ ٱلْكَوَافِرِ وَسْــَٔلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْــَٔلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ‌ۚ ذَٲلِكُمْ حُكْمُ ٱللَّهِ‌ۖ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ‌ۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ

Ya ayyuha allatheena amanooitha jaakumu almu/minatu muhajiratinfamtahinoohunna Allahu aAAlamu bi-eemanihinnafa-in AAalimtumoohunna mu/minatin falatarjiAAoohunna ila alkuffari la hunna hillunlahum wala hum yahilloona lahunna waatoohumma anfaqoo wala junaha AAalaykum an tankihoohunnaitha ataytumoohunna ojoorahunna walatumsikoo biAAisami alkawafiri was-aloo maanfaqtum walyas-aloo ma anfaqoo thalikum hukmuAllahi yahkumu baynakum wallahuAAaleemun hakeem

O you who have believed, when the believing women come to you as emigrants, examine [i.e., test] them. Allāh is most knowing as to their faith. And if you know them to be believers, then do not return them to the disbelievers; they are not lawful [wives] for them, nor are they lawful [husbands] for them. But give them [i.e., the disbelievers] what they have spent. And there is no blame upon you if you marry them when you have given them their due compensation [i.e., mahr]. And hold not to marriage bonds with disbelieving women, but ask for what you have spent and let them [i.e., the disbelievers] ask for what they have spent. That is the judgement of Allāh; He judges between you. And Allāh is Knowing and Wise.

Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Apabila perempuan-perempuan mukmin datang berhijrah kepadamu, maka hendaklah kamu uji (keimanan) mereka. Allah lebih mengetahui tentang keimanan mereka; jika kamu telah mengetahui bahwa mereka (benar-benar) beriman maka janganlah kamu kembalikan mereka kepada orang-orang kafir (suami-suami mereka). Mereka tidak halal bagi orang-orang kafir itu dan orang-orang kafir itu tidak halal bagi mereka. Dan berikanlah kepada (suami) mereka mahar yang telah mereka berikan. Dan tidak ada dosa bagimu menikahi mereka apabila kamu bayarkan kepada mereka maharnya. Dan janganlah kamu tetap berpegang pada tali (pernikahan) dengan perempuan-perempuan kafir; dan hendaklah kamu minta kembali mahar yang telah kamu berikan; dan (jika suaminya tetap kafir) biarkan mereka meminta kembali mahar yang telah mereka bayarkan (kepada mantan istrinya yang telah beriman). Demikianlah hukum Allah yang ditetapkan-Nya di antara kamu. Dan Allah Maha Mengetahui, Mahabijaksana.

SurahAl-Mumtahanah
Juz28
Page550
Revelationmadinah

Tafsir

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Perhaps Allah will make a Friendship between You and Those, whom You hold as Enemies

Allah said to His faithful servants, after ordering them to be enemies with the disbelievers,

عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُم مِّنْهُم مَّوَدَّةً

(Perhaps Allah will make friendship between you and those, whom you hold as enemies.) meaning affection after animosity, tenderness after coldness and coming together after parting from each other,

وَاللَّهُ قَدِيرٌ

(And Allah has power (over all things),) Allah is able to gather opposites and bring together hearts, after feeling hostility and hardness. In this case, the hearts will come together in agreement, just as Allah said when He mentioned His favor on the Ansar,

وَاذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنتُم أَعْدَآءً فَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُم بِنِعْمَتِهِ إِخْوَاناً وَكُنتُمْ عَلَى شَفَا حُفْرَةٍ مِّنَ النَّارِ فَأَنقَذَكُمْ مِّنْهَا

(And remember Allah's favor on you, for you were enemies one to another but He joined your hearts together, so that, by His grace, you became brethren and were on the brink of a pit of Fire, and He saved you from it.) (3:103) Also the Prophet said to them,

«أَلَمْ أَجِدْكُمْ ضُلَّالًا فَهَدَاكُمُ اللهُ بِي، وَكُنْتُمْ مُتَفَرِّقِينَ فَأَلَّفَكُمُ اللهُ بِي؟»

(Did I not find you misguided, and Allah guided you through me; and divided, and Allah united your hearts through me) Allah the Exalted said,

وَإِن يُرِيدُواْ أَن يَخْدَعُوكَ فَإِنَّ حَسْبَكَ اللَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِى أَيَّدَكَ بِنَصْرِهِ وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ - وَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ لَوْ أَنفَقْتَ مَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ جَمِيعاً مَّآ أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَلَّفَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِنَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ

(He it is Who has supported you with His help and with the believers. And He has united their hearts. If you had spent all that is in the earth, you could not have united their hearts, but Allah has united them. Certainly He is Almighty, All-Wise.) (8:62,63) And in the Hadith:

«أَحْبِبْ حَبِيبَكَ هَوْنًا مَا، فَعَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ بَغِيضَكَ يَوْمًا مَا، وَأَبْغِضْ بَغِيضَكَ هَوْنًا مَا، فَعَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ حَبِيبَكَ يَوْمًا مَا»

(Love your loved one moderately, because one day, he might become your enemy. Hate your hated one moderately, because one day, he might become your loved one.) Allah's statement,

وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

(And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) means, Allah forgives the disbelief of the disbelievers if they repent from it, returned to their Lord and surrendered to Him in Islam. Surely, He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most-Merciful to those who repent to Him from their sins, no matter what type of the sin it is.

The Permissibility of being Kind to Disbelievers who do not fight against the Religion And Allah's statement;

لاَّ يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَـتِلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِّن دِيَـرِكُمْ

(Allah does not forbid you with those who fought not against you on account of religion nor drove you out of your homes,) means, those who did not have a role in your expulsion. Therefore, Allah does not forbid you from being kind to the disbelievers who do not fight you because of the religion, such as women and weak disbelievers,

أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ

(to deal kindly) to be gentle with them,

وَتُقْسِطُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ

(and justly with those) to be fair with them

إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ

(Verily, Allah loves those who deal with equity.) Imam Ahmad recorded that Asma' bint Abu Bakr said, "My mother, who was an idolatress at the time, came to me during the Treaty of Peace, the Prophet conducted with the Quraysh. I came to the Prophet and said, `O Allah's Messenger! My mother came visiting, desiring something from me, should I treat her with good relations' The Prophet said,

«نَعَمْ صِلِي أُمَّك»

(Yes. Keep good relation with your mother.)" The Two Sahihs recorded this Hadith. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Zubayr said, "Qutaylah came visiting her daughter, Asma' bint Abi Bakr, with some gifts, such as Dibab, cheese and clarified (cooking) butter, and she was an idolatress at that time. Asma' refused to accept her mother's gifts and did not let her enter her house. `A'ishah asked the Prophet about his verdict and Allah sent down the Ayah,

لاَّ يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَـتِلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ

(Allah does not forbid you with those who fought not against you on account of religion) until the end of the Ayah. Allah's Messenger ﷺ ordered Asma' to accept her mother's gifts and to let her enter her house." Allah's statement,

إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ

(Allah loves those who deal with equity.) was duly explained in the Tafsir of Surat Al-Hujurat. We also mentioned the authentic Hadith,

«الْمُقْسِطُونَ عَلى مَنَابِرَ مِنْ نُورٍ عَنْ يَمِينِ الْعَرْشِ، الَّذِينَ يَعْدِلُونَ فِي حُكْمِهِمْ وَأَهَالِيهِمْ وَمَا وَلُوا»

(The just, who are fair in their decisions, families and those under their authority, will be on podiums made of light, to the right of the Throne.)

The Prohibition of being Kind towards Combatant Disbelievers

إِنَّمَا يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَـتَلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُم مِّن دِيَـرِكُمْ وَظَـهَرُواْ عَلَى إِخْرَجِكُمْ أَن تَوَلَّوْهُمْ

(It is only as regards those who fought against you on account of religion, and have driven you out of your homes, and helped to drive you out that Allah forbids you to befriend them.) (60:9) means, `Allah forbids you from being kind and befriending with the disbelievers who are openly hostile to you, those who fought against you, expelled you and helped to expel you. Allah the Exalted forbids you from being their friends and orders you to be their enemy.' Then Allah stresses His threat against being friends with them, by saying,

وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الظَّـلِمُونَ

(And whosoever will befriend them, then such are the wrongdoers.) As He said;

يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الظَّـلِمِينَ

(O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as protecting friends, they are but protecting friends of each other. And if any among you takes them (as protecting friends), then surely, he is one of them. Verily, Allah guides not those people who are the wrongdoers) (5:51)

يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا جَآءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتُ مُهَـجِرَتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَـنِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَـتٍ فَلاَ تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لاَ هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ وَلاَ هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ وَءَاتُوهُم مَّآ أَنفَقُواْ وَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَآ ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَلاَ تُمْسِكُواْ بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ وَاسْـَلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْـَلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ ذَلِكُمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌوَإِن فَاتَكُمْ شَىْءٌ مِّنْ أَزْوَجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّـرِ فَعَـقَبْتُمْ فَآتُواْ الَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَجُهُمْ مِّثْلَ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ الَّذِى أَنتُمْ بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ

Tafsir Kemenag RI

Ayat ini menerangkan perintah Allah kepada Rasulullah dan orang-orang yang beriman tentang sikap yang harus diambil, jika seorang perempuan beriman yang berasal dari daerah kafir datang menghadap atau minta perlindungan. Allah menyatakan bahwa apabila datang seorang perempuan dari daerah kafir yang mengucapkan dua kalimat syahadat dan tidak tampak padanya tanda-tanda keingkaran dan kemunafikan, maka perlu diperiksa lebih dahulu, apakah mereka benar telah beriman, atau datang karena melarikan diri dari suaminya, sedangkan ia sebenarnya tidak beriman.

Allah memerintahkan yang demikian itu bukan karena Dia tidak mengetahui hal ihwal mereka. Allah Maha Mengetahui hakikat iman mereka, bahkan mengetahui semua yang terbesit dalam hati mereka. Akan tetapi, untuk kewaspadaan dan berjaga-jaga di kalangan kaum Muslimin yang sedang berperang menghadapi orang-orang kafir, maka usaha-usaha mengadakan penelitian itu harus dilakukan, walaupun orang itu kerabat sendiri.

Jika dalam pemeriksaan itu terbukti mereka adalah orang-orang yang beriman, maka jangan sekali-kali kaum Muslimin mengembalikan mereka ke daerah kafir, sebab perempuan-perempuan yang beriman tidak halal lagi bagi suaminya yang kafir. Sebaliknya, pria-pria yang kafir tidak halal bagi perempuan yang beriman.

Dari ayat ini dapat ditetapkan suatu hukum yang menyatakan bahwa jika seorang istri telah masuk Islam, berarti sejak itu ia telah bercerai dengan suaminya yang masih kafir. Oleh karena itu, ia haram kembali kepada suaminya. Ayat ini juga menguatkan hukum yang menyatakan bahwa haram hukumnya seorang perempuan muslimat kawin dengan laki-laki kafir.

Kemudian Allah menetapkan agar mas kawin yang telah diterima istri yang masuk Islam itu dikembalikan kepada suaminya. Menurut Imam Syafi'i, istri wajib mengembalikan mahar itu jika pihak suaminya yang kafir itu memintanya. Jika pihak suami tidak memintanya, maka mahar itu tidak wajib dikembalikan. Sebagian ulama berpendapat bahwa mahar yang wajib dikembalikan itu jika suaminya termasuk orang yang telah melakukan perjanjian damai dengan kaum Muslimin, sedang bagi suami yang tidak termasuk dalam perjanjian damai dengan kaum Muslimin maharnya tidak wajib dikembalikan. Sebagian ulama lain berpendapat bahwa hukum pengembalian mahar itu bukan wajib tetapi sunah dan itu pun jika diminta oleh suaminya.

Sementara itu kaum Muslimin dibolehkan mengawini perempuan-perempuan mukminat yang berhijrah itu dengan membayar mahar. Hal ini berarti bahwa perempuan itu tidak boleh dijadikan budak, karena mereka bukan berasal dari tawanan perang. Allah menganjurkan kaum Muslimin mengawini mereka agar diri mereka terpelihara.

Allah menerangkan bahwa penyebab larangan melanjutkan perkawinan istri yang beriman dengan suami yang kafir itu adalah karena tidak akan ada hubungan perkawinan antara perempuan-perempuan yang sudah beriman dengan suami-suami mereka yang masih kafir dan berada di daerah kafir. Akad perkawinan mereka tidak berlaku lagi sejak sang istri masuk Islam. Sebaliknya jika yang pergi ke daerah kafir itu adalah istri-istri yang beriman kemudian ia menjadi kafir, kaum Muslimin diperintahkan untuk membiarkan mereka pergi. Akan tetapi, mereka harus mengembalikan barang-barang yang pernah diberikan suaminya yang Muslim.

Semua yang disebutkan itu adalah hukum-hukum Allah yang wajib ditaati oleh setiap orang yang menghambakan diri kepada-Nya, karena dalam menetapkan hukum-Nya, Allah Maha Mengetahui kesanggupan hamba yang akan memikul hukum itu dan mengetahui sesuatu yang paling baik dilakukan oleh hamba-hamba-Nya. Dalam menetapkan hukum itu, Allah juga mengetahui faedah dan akibat menetapkan hukum serta keserasian hukum itu bagi yang memikulnya.

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Word by word

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا

yāayyuhā

O you

ٱلَّذِينَ

alladhīna

who

ءَامَنُوٓاْ

āmanū

believe

إِذَا

idhā

When

جَآءَكُمُ

jāakumu

come to you

ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتُ

l-mu'minātu

the believing women

مُهَٰجِرَٰتٖ

muhājirātin

(as) emigrants

فَٱمۡتَحِنُوهُنَّۖ

fa-im'taḥinūhunna

then examine them

ٱللَّهُ

l-lahu

Allah

أَعۡلَمُ

aʿlamu

(is) most knowing

بِإِيمَٰنِهِنَّۖ

biīmānihinna

of their faith

فَإِنۡ

fa-in

And if

عَلِمۡتُمُوهُنَّ

ʿalim'tumūhunna

you know them

مُؤۡمِنَٰتٖ

mu'minātin

(to be) believers

فَلَا

falā

then (do) not

تَرۡجِعُوهُنَّ

tarjiʿūhunna

return them

إِلَى

ilā

to

ٱلۡكُفَّارِۖ

l-kufāri

the disbelievers

لَا

Not

هُنَّ

hunna

they

حِلّٞ

ḥillun

(are) lawful

لَّهُمۡ

lahum

for them

وَلَا

walā

and not

هُمۡ

hum

they

يَحِلُّونَ

yaḥillūna

are lawful

لَهُنَّۖ

lahunna

for them

وَءَاتُوهُم

waātūhum

But give them

مَّآ

what

أَنفَقُواْۚ

anfaqū

they have spent

وَلَا

walā

And not

جُنَاحَ

junāḥa

any blame

عَلَيۡكُمۡ

ʿalaykum

upon you

أَن

an

if

تَنكِحُوهُنَّ

tankiḥūhunna

you marry them

إِذَآ

idhā

when

ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ

ātaytumūhunna

you have given them

أُجُورَهُنَّۚ

ujūrahunna

their (bridal) dues

وَلَا

walā

And (do) not

تُمۡسِكُواْ

tum'sikū

hold

بِعِصَمِ

biʿiṣami

to marriage bonds

ٱلۡكَوَافِرِ

l-kawāfiri

(with) disbelieving women

وَسۡـَٔلُواْ

wasalū

but ask (for)

مَآ

what

أَنفَقۡتُمۡ

anfaqtum

you have spent

وَلۡيَسۡـَٔلُواْ

walyasalū

and let them ask

مَآ

what

أَنفَقُواْۚ

anfaqū

they have spent

ذَٰلِكُمۡ

dhālikum

That

حُكۡمُ

ḥuk'mu

(is the) Judgment

ٱللَّهِ

l-lahi

(of) Allah

يَحۡكُمُ

yaḥkumu

He judges

بَيۡنَكُمۡۖ

baynakum

between you

وَٱللَّهُ

wal-lahu

And Allah

عَلِيمٌ

ʿalīmun

(is) All-Knowing

حَكِيمٞ

ḥakīmun

All-Wise