Surah Al-Mu'minun 23:62

The Justice of Allah and the Frivolity of the Idolators

Allah tells us of His justice towards His servants in this world, in that He does not task any person except according to his capacity, i.e., He does not burden any soul with more than it can bear. On the Day of Resurrection He will call them to account for their deeds, which He has recorded in a written Book from which nothing is omitted. He says:

(and with Us is a Record which speaks the truth,) meaning, the Book of deeds

(and they will not be wronged.) means, nothing will be omitted from their record of good deeds. As for evil deeds, He will forgive and overlook many of them in the case of His believing servants. Then Allah says, denouncing the disbelievers and idolators of the Quraysh:

(Nay, but their hearts are covered), meaning because of negligence and misguidance,

(from this.) means, the Qur'an which Allah revealed to His Messenger .

(and they have other deeds, besides which they are doing.) Al-Hakam bin Aban narrated from `Ikrimah, from Ibn `Abbas that

(and they have other deeds,) means, evil deeds apart from that, i.e., Shirk,

(which they are doing.) means, which they will inevitably do. This was also narrated from Mujahid, Al-Hasan and others. Others said that this phrase means:

(And they have other deeds, besides which they are doing.) It was decreed that they would do evil deeds, and they will inevitably do them before they die, so that the word of punishment may be justified against them. A similar view was narrated from Muqatil bin Hayyan, As-Suddi and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. This is a clear and appropriate meaning. We have already quoted from the Hadith of Ibn Mas`ud:

(By Him besides Whom there is no other God, a man may do the deeds of the people of Paradise until there is no more than a forearm's length between him and it, then the decree will overtake him and he will do the deeds of the people of Hell, then he will enter Hell...)

(Until when We seize those of them who lead a luxurious life with punishment; behold, they make humble invocation with a loud voice.) means, when the punishment and vengeance of Allah comes to those who are living a happy life of luxury in this world and overtakes them,

(behold, they make humble invocation with a loud voice.) means, they scream their calls for help. This is like the Ayat:

(And leave Me Alone (to deal) with the beliers, those who are in possession of good things of life. And give them respite for a little while. Verily, with Us are fetters, and a raging Fire.) 73:11-12

(How many a generation have We destroyed before them! And they cried out when there was no longer time for escape.) 38:3

(Invoke not loudly this day! Certainly you shall not be helped by Us. ) means, no one is going to save you from what has happened to you, whether you scream aloud or remain silent. There is no escape and no way out. It is inevitable: the punishment will surely come to you. Then Allah mentions the greatest of their sins:

(Indeed My Ayat used to be recited to you, but you used to turn back on your heels.) meaning, when you were called, you refused and resisted.

("This is because, when Allah Alone was invoked, you disbelieved, but when partners were joined to Him, you believed! So the judgment is only with Allah, the Most High, the Most Great!") 40:12

(In pride, talking evil about it by night.) refers to the arrogant pride which the Quraysh felt because they believed themselves to be the guardians of the Ka`bah, when in fact this was not the case. As An-Nasa'i said in his Tafsir of this Ayah in his Sunan: Ahmad bin Sulayman told us that `Ubaydullah told us from Isra`il, from `Abdul-A`la that he heard Sa`id bin Jubayr narrating that Ibn `Abbas said, "Talking by late night became disapproved of when this Ayah was revealed:

(In pride, talking evil about it by night.) He said, "They boasted about the Ka`bah and said, `We are its people who stay up talking at night.' They used to boast and stay up and talk at night around the Ka`bah. They did not use it for the proper purpose, and so in effect they had abandoned it."

Dengan ayat ini Allah menjelaskan bahwa sudah menjadi sunnah dan ketetapan-Nya, Dia tidak akan membebani seseorang dengan suatu kewajiban atau perintah kecuali perintah itu sanggup dilaksanakannya dan dalam batas-batas kemampuannya. Tidak ada syariat yang diwajibkan-Nya yang berat dilaksanakan oleh hamba-Nya dan di luar batas kemampuannya, hanya manusialah yang memandangnya berat karena keengganannya atau ia disibukkan oleh urusan dunianya atau tugas tersebut menghalanginya dari melaksanakan keinginannya.

Padahal perintah itu, seperti salat umpamanya amat ringan dan mudah bagi orang yang telah biasa mengerjakannya, bahkan salat itu pun dapat meringankan beban dan tekanan hidup yang dideritanya bila ia benar-benar mengerjakannya dengan tekun dan khusyuk. Muqatil berkata, "Barang siapa tidak sanggup mengerjakan salat dengan berdiri ia boleh mengerjakannya dalam keadaan duduk, dan kalaupun tidak sanggup duduk maka dengan isyarat saja pun sudah cukup." Karena itu tidak ada alasan sama sekali bagi orang mukmin untuk membebaskan diri dari kewajiban salat, demikian pula kewajiban-kewajiban lainnya, karena semua kewajiban itu adalah dalam batas-batas kemampuannya. Hanya nafsu dan keinginan manusialah yang menjadikan kewajiban-kewajiban itu berat baginya. Maka orang yang seperti ini telah berbuat zalim terhadap dirinya sendiri dan akan mendapat balasan yang setimpal dari Tuhan atas keingkaran dan keengganannya. Setiap pelanggaran terhadap perintah Allah akan dicatat dalam buku catatan amalnya, demikian pula amal perbuatan yang baik, kecil maupun besar semuanya tercatat dalam buku itu sebagaimana tersebut dalam firman-Nya:

(Allah berfirman), "Inilah Kitab (catatan) Kami yang menuturkan kepadamu dengan sebenar-benarnya. Sesungguhnya Kami telah menyuruh mencatat apa yang telah kamu kerjakan." (al-Jatsiyah/45: 29)

Dan firman-Nya:

Dan diletakkanlah kitab (catatan amal), lalu engkau akan melihat orang yang berdosa merasa ketakutan terhadap apa yang (tertulis) di dalamnya, dan mereka berkata, "Betapa celaka kami, kitab apakah ini, tidak ada yang tertinggal, yang kecil dan yang besar melainkan tercatat semuanya," dan mereka dapati (semua) apa yang telah mereka kerjakan (tertulis). Dan Tuhanmu tidak menzalimi seorang jua pun. (al-Kahf/18: 49)

Mereka akan diberi balasan sesuai dengan perbuatannya yang tertera dalam buku catatan itu dan mereka tidak akan dirugikan sedikit pun.