Surah Al-Mu'minun 23:51

The Command to eat Lawful Food and to do Righteous Deeds

Allah commands His servants and Messengers, peace be upon them all, to eat lawful food and do righteous deeds, which indicates that eating what is lawful helps one to do righteous deeds. The Prophets, peace be upon them, did this in the most perfect manner, and did all kinds of good deeds in words, actions, guidance and advice. May Allah reward them with good on behalf of the people.

كُلُواْ مِنَ الطَّيِّبَـتِ

(Eat of the Tayyibat) Sa`id bin Jubayr and Ad-Dahhak said, "This means lawful. In the Sahih it says:

«وَمَا مِنْ نَبِيَ إِلَّا رَعَى الْغَنَم»

(There is no Prophet who was not a shepherd.) They asked, "And you, O Messenger of Allah" He said,

«نَعَمْ، كُنْتُ أَرْعَاهَا عَلَى قَرَارِيَط لِأَهْلِ مَكَّة»

(Yes, I used to tend the sheep of the people of Makkah for a few Qirats.) In the Sahih, it says:

«إِنَّ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ كَانَ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ كَسْبِ يَدِه»

(Dawud, upon him be peace, used to eat from the earnings of his own hand.) It was recorded in Sahih Muslim, Jami` At-Tirmidhi and Musnad Al-Imam Ahmad -- from whom this version comes -- that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

«يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ اللهَ طَيِّبٌ لَا يَقْبَلُ إِلَّا طَيِّبًا، وَإِنَّ اللهَ أَمَرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ الْمُرْسَلِين»

(O people, Allah is Tayyib and only accepts that which is Tayyib, and Allah commands the believers as He had commanded the Messengers by saying:

يأَيُّهَا الرُّسُلُ كُلُواْ مِنَ الطَّيِّبَـتِ وَاعْمَلُواْ صَـلِحاً إِنِّى بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ

(O Messengers! Eat of the Tayyibat and do righteous deeds. Verily, I am Well-Acquainted with what you do.) 23:51 and

يـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ كُلُواْ مِن طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَـكُمْ

(O you who believe! Eat of the Tayyibat that We have provided you with)2:172.) Then he mentioned how a man may travel on a long journey, dusty and unkempt,

«وَمَطْعَمُهُ حَرَامٌ، وَمَشْرَبُهُ حَرَامٌ، وَمَلْبَسُهُ حَرَامٌ، وَغُذِّيَ بِالْحَرَامِ يَمُدُّ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ: يَا رَبِّ يَا رَبِّ فَأَنَّى يُسْتَجَابُ لِذَلِك»

(and his food, drink and clothing are unlawful, and he has nourished himself with what is unlawful, and he extends his hands towards the sky, saying, `O Lord, O Lord!' -- how can his prayer be answered.) At-Tirmidhi said that it is "Hasan Gharib."

The Religion of all the Prophets is Tawhid; and the Warning against splitting into different Groups

وَإِنَّ هَـذِهِ أُمَّتُكُمْ أُمَّةً وَحِدَةً

(And verily, this your religion is one religion,) means, `your religion, O Prophets, is one religion and one group, which is the call to worship Allah Alone with no partner or associate.' Allah said:

وَأَنَاْ رَبُّكُمْ فَاتَّقُونِ

(and I am your Lord, so have Taqwa.) We have already discussed this in Surat Al-Anbiya'. The phrase

أُمَّةً وَحِدَةً

(one nation) is descriptive.

فَتَقَطَّعُواْ أَمْرَهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ زُبُراً

(But they have broken their religion among them into sects,) the nations to whom Prophets were sent.

كُلُّ حِزْبٍ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ فَرِحُونَ

(each group rejoicing in what is with it.) means, they rejoice in their misguidance because they think that they are rightly-guided. Allah says, threatening and warning:

فَذَرْهُمْ فِى غَمْرَتِهِمْ

(So, leave them in their error) meaning their misguidance,

حَتَّى حِينٍ

(for a time.) means, until the appointed time of their destruction comes. This is like the Ayah:

فَمَهِّلِ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَمْهِلْهُمْ رُوَيْداً

(So give a respite to the disbelievers; deal gently with them for a while.) 86:17 And Allah says:

ذَرْهُمْ يَأْكُلُواْ وَيَتَمَتَّعُواْ وَيُلْهِهِمُ الاٌّمَلُ فَسَوْفَ يَعْلَمُونَ

(Leave them to eat and enjoy, and let them be preoccupied with (false) hope. They will come to know!) 15:3

أَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّمَا نُمِدُّهُمْ بِهِ مِن مَّالٍ وَبَنِينَ - نُسَارِعُ لَهُمْ فِى الْخَيْرَتِ بَل لاَّ يَشْعُرُونَ

(Do they think that in wealth and children with which We prolong them, We hasten unto them with good things. Nay, but they perceive not.) means, `do these deceived people think that what We give them of wealth and children is because they are honored and precious in Our sight No, the matter is not as they claim when they say,

نَحْنُ أَكْثَـرُ أَمْوَلاً وَأَوْلَـداً وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمُعَذَّبِينَ

(We are more in wealth and in children, and we are not going to be punished.) 34:35 But this thinking is wrong, and their hopes will be dashed. We only give those things to them in order to make them go further (in sin) and to give them more time.' Allah says:

بَل لاَّ يَشْعُرُونَ

(but they perceive not.) as He says elsewhere:

فَلاَ تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَلُهُمْ وَلاَ أَوْلَـدُهُمْ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ بِهَا فِي الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا

(So, let not their wealth nor their children amaze you; in reality Allah's plan is to punish them with these things in the life of this world...) 9:55

إِنَّمَا نُمْلِى لَهُمْ لِيَزْدَادُواْ إِثْمَاً

(We postpone the punishment only so that they may increase in sinfulness) 3:178.

فَذَرْنِى وَمَن يُكَذِّبُ بِهَـذَا الْحَدِيثِ سَنَسْتَدْرِجُهُمْ مِّنْ حَيْثُ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ وَأَمْلَى لَهُمْ

(Then leave Me Alone with such as belie this Qur'an. We shall punish them gradually from directions they perceive not. And I will grant them a respite.) 68:44-45

ذَرْنِى وَمَنْ خَلَقْتُ وَحِيداً

(Leave Me Alone (to deal) with whom I created lonely.) until His saying:

عَنِيداً

(opposing) 74: 11-16

وَمَآ أَمْوَلُكُمْ وَلاَ أَوْلَـدُكُمْ بِالَّتِى تُقَرِّبُكُمْ عِندَنَا زُلْفَى إِلاَّ مَنْ ءَامَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَـلِحاً

(And it is not your wealth, nor your children that bring you nearer to Us, but only he who believes, and does righteous deeds...) 34:37 And there are many other Ayat which say similar things. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

«إِنَّ اللهَ قَسَمَ بَيْنَكُمْ أَخْلَاقَكُمْ كَمَا قَسَمَ بَيْنَكُمْ أَرْزَاقَكُمْ، وَإِنَّ اللهَ يُعْطِي الدُّنْيَا مَنْ يُحِبُّ وَمَنْ لَا يُحِبُّ، وَلَا يُعْطِي الدِّينَ إِلَّا لِمَنْ أَحَبَّ، فَمَنْ أَعْطَاهُ اللهُ الدِّينَ فَقَدْ أَحَبَّهُ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَا يُسْلِمُ عَبْدٌ حَتَّى يَسْلَمَ قَلْبُهُ وَلِسَانُهُ، وَلَا يُؤْمِنُ حَتَّى يَأْمَنَ جَارُهُ بَوَائِقَه»

(Allah has distributed your behavior to you just as He has distritbuted your provision. Allah gives the things of this world to those whom He loves and those whom He does not love, but He only gives religious commitment to those whom He loves. Whoever is given religious commitment by Allah is loved by Him. By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, no servant truly submits until his heart and his tongue submit, and he does not truly believe until his neighbor is safe from his harm.) They said, `What is his harm, O Messenger of Allah' He said,

«غَشْمُهُ وَظُلْمُهُ، وَلَا يَكْسِبُ عَبْدٌ مَالًا مِنْ حَرَامٍ فَيُنْفِقَ مِنْهُ فَيُبَارَكَ لَهُ فِيهِ، وَلَا يَتَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فَيُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ، وَلَا يَتْرُكَهُ خَلْفَ ظَهْرِهِ إِلَّا كَانَ زَادَهُ إِلَى النَّارِ، إِنَّ اللهَ لَا يَمْحُو السَّيِّءَ بِالسَّيِّءِ وَلَكِنْ يَمْحُو السَّيِّءَ بِالْحَسَنِ، إِنَّ الْخَبِيثَ لَا يَمْحُو الْخَبِيث»

(His wrongdoing and misbehavior. No person who earns unlawful wealth and spends it will be blessed in that; if he gives it in charity, it will not be accepted from him and if he leaves it behind (when he dies), it will be his provision in the Fire. Allah does not wash away an evil deed with another, but he washes away evil deeds with good deeds, for impurity cannot wash away with another impurity.))

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ هُم مِّنْ خَشْيةِ رَبِّهِمْ مُّشْفِقُونَ - وَالَّذِينَ هُم بِـَايَـتِ رَبَّهِمْ يُؤْمِنُونَ

Allah memerintahkan kepada para nabi supaya memakan rezeki yang halal dan baik yang dikaruniakan Allah kepadanya dan sekali-kali tidak dibolehkan memakan harta yang haram, selalu mengerjakan perbuatan yang baik, dan menjauhi perbuatan yang keji dan mungkar. Para nabi itulah orang yang pertama yang harus mematuhi perintah Allah, karena mereka akan menjadi teladan bagi umat di mana mereka diutus untuk menyampaikan risalah Tuhannya. Perintah ini walaupun hanya ditunjukkan kepada para nabi, tetapi ia berlaku pula terhadap umat mereka tanpa terkecuali, karena para nabi itu menjadi panutan bagi umatnya kecuali dalam beberapa hal yang dikhususkan untuk para nabi saja, karena tidak sesuai jika diwajibkan pula kepada umatnya. Abu Hurairah meriwayatkan bahwa Rasulullah saw bersabda:

Hai manusia, sesungguhnya Allah Ta'ala adalah baik, Dia tidak menerima kecuali yang baik. Sesungguhnya Allah Ta'ala memerintahkan kepada orang-orang yang beriman apa yang diperintahkan-Nya kepada Rasul-rasul-Nya. Maka Rasulullah saw membaca ayat ini (ya ayyuhar-rusulu kulu minath-thayyibati wa'malu saliha inni bima ta'malu 'alim, "Wahai para rasul! Makanlah dari (makanan) yang baik-baik, dan kerjakanlah kebajikan. Sungguh, Aku Maha Mengetahui apa yang kamu kerjakan.). Kemudian Rasulullah saw membaca lagi ayat ya ayyuhalladzina amanu kulu min thayyibati ma razaqnakum¦Kemudian Nabi menerangkan keadaan seseorang yang telah melakukan perjalanan panjang (lama), rambutnya tidak teratur dan penuh debu, dan makanannya dari yang haram, minumannya dari yang haram dan pakaiannya dari yang haram pula. Orang itu berkata sambil menadahkan tangan ke langit, "Ya Tuhanku! Ya Tuhanku! Bagaimana mungkin doanya itu akan terkabul?" (Riwayat Muslim dan at-Tirmidzi)

Pada ayat ini Allah mendahulukan perintah memakan makanan yang halal dan baik baru beramal saleh. Hal ini berarti amal yang saleh itu tidak akan diterima oleh Allah kecuali bila orang yang mengerjakannya memakan harta yang halal dan baik dan menjauhi harta yang haram. Menurut riwayat yang diterima dari Rasulullah, beliau pernah bersabda:

Sesungguhnya Allah tidak menerima ibadah orang yang dalam perutnya terdapat sesuap makanan yang haram. Dan diriwayatkan dengan sahih pula bahwa Nabi saw bersabda, "Setiap daging yang tumbuh dari makanan yang haram maka neraka lebih berhak membakarnya." (Riwayat Muslim dan at-Tirmizi)

Di dalam sebuah hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Abi hatim dan Ibnu Mardawaih dari Ummi Abdillah saudara perempuan Syaddad bin Aus ra:

Bahwa Ummi Abdillah mengirimkan seteko susu kepada Rasulullah ketika beliau akan berbuka puasa. Susu itu ditolak oleh Rasulullah dan beliau menyuruh pembawa susu itu kembali dan menanyakan kepadanya dari mana susu itu didapatnya. Ummi Abdillah menjawab, "Itu susu dari kambingku sendiri." Kemudian susu itu ditolak lagi dan pesuruh Ummi Abdillah disuruh lagi menanyakan dari mana kambing itu didapat. Ummi Abdillah menjawab, ' saya beli kambing itu dengan uangku sendiri." Kemudian barulah Rasulullah menerima susu itu. Keesokan harinya Ummi Abdillah datang menemui Rasulullah dan bertanya, "Wahai Rasulullah, mengapa engkau selalu menolak susu itu?" Rasulullah menjawab, "Para rasul diperintahkan supaya jangan memakan kecuali yang baik-baik dan jangan berbuat sesuatu kecuali yang baik-baik pula." (Riwayat Ibnu Abi hatim dan Ibnu Mardawaih)

Demikianlah perintah Allah kepada para Rasul-Nya yang harus dipatuhi oleh umat manusia karena Allah Maha Mengetahui amal perbuatan manusia, tak ada satu pun yang tersembunyi bagi-Nya. Dia akan membalas perbuatan yang baik dengan berlipat ganda dan perbuatan jahat dengan balasan yang setimpal.