Surah Al-Mujadila 58:22

The Opponents of Allah and His Messenger are the Losers

Allah and His Messenger shall prevail Allah the Exalted asserts that the rebellious and stubborn disbelievers who defy Him and His Messenger , those who do not embrace the religion and stay away from Truth, are in one area, while the guidance is in another area,

أُوْلَـئِكَ فِى الاٌّذَلِّينَ

(They will be among those most humiliated.) they are among the miserable, the cast out, banished from goodness; they are the humiliated ones in this life and the Hereafter. Allah said,

كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لاّغْلِبَنَّ أَنَاْ وَرُسُلِى

(Allah has decreed: "Verily, I and My Messengers shall be the victorious.") meaning, He has decreed, written in the First Book, and decided in the decree that He has willed -- which can never be resisted, changed or prevented -- that final victory is for Him, His Book, His Messengers and the faithful believers, in this life and the Hereafter:

إِنَّ الْعَـقِبَةَ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ

(Surely, the (good) end is for those who have Taqwa.)(11:49),

إِنَّا لَنَنصُرُ رُسُلَنَا وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيَوْمَ يَقُومُ الاٌّشْهَـدُ - يَوْمَ لاَ يَنفَعُ الظَّـلِمِينَ مَعْذِرَتُهُمْ وَلَهُمُ الْلَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ

(Verily, We will indeed make victorious Our Messengers and those who believe in the life of this world and on the Day when the witnesses will stand forth, the Day when their excuses will be of no profit to the wrongdoers. Theirs will be the curse, and theirs will be the evil abode.)(40:51-52) Allah said here,

كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لاّغْلِبَنَّ أَنَاْ وَرُسُلِى إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِىٌّ عَزِيزٌ

(Allah has decreed: "Verily, I and My Messengers shall be the victorious." Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, Almighty.) meaning, the Almighty, All-Powerful has decreed that He shall prevail over His enemies. Indeed, this is the final judgement and a matter ordained; the final triumph and victory are for the believers in this life and the Hereafter

The Believers do not befriend the Disbelievers

Allah the Exalted said,

لاَّ تَجِدُ قَوْماً يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاٌّخِرِ يُوَآدُّونَ مَنْ حَآدَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَوْ كَانُواْ ءَابَآءَهُمْ أَوْ أَبْنَآءَهُمْ أَوْ إِخْوَنَهُمْ أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ

(You will not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day, making friendship with those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even though they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their kindred.) Meaning, do not befriend the deniers, even if they are among the closest relatives. Allah said,

لاَّ يَتَّخِذِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَىْءٍ إِلاَ أَن تَتَّقُواْ مِنْهُمْ تُقَـةً وَيُحَذِّرْكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ

(Let not the believers take the disbelievers as friends instead of the believers, and whoever does that will never be helped by Allah in any way, except if you indeed fear a danger from them. And Allah warns you against Himself.) (3:28), and,

قُلْ إِن كَانَ ءَابَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَآؤُكُمْ وَإِخْوَنُكُمْ وَأَزْوَجُكُمْ وَعَشِيرَتُكُمْ وَأَمْوَلٌ اقْتَرَفْتُمُوهَا وَتِجَـرَةٌ تَخْشَوْنَ كَسَادَهَا وَمَسَـكِنُ تَرْضَوْنَهَآ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكُمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَجِهَادٍ فِي سَبِيلِهِ فَتَرَبَّصُواْ حَتَّى يَأْتِىَ اللَّهُ بِأَمْرِهِ وَاللَّهُ لاَ يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الْفَـسِقِينَ

(Say: If your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your wives, your kindred, the wealth that you have gained, the commerce in which you fear a decline, and the dwellings in which you delight are dearer to you than Allah and His Messenger, and striving hard and fighting in His cause, then wait until Allah brings about His decision (torment). And Allah guides not the people who are the rebellious.)(9:24) Sa`id bin `Abdul-`Aziz and others said that this Ayah,

لاَّ تَجِدُ قَوْماً يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاٌّخِرِ

(You will not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day...) was revealed in the case of Abu `Ubaydah `Amir bin `Abdullah bin Al-Jarrah when he killed his disbelieving father, during the battle of Badr. This is why when `Umar bin Al-Khattab placed the matter of Khilafah in the consultation of six men after him, he said; "If Abu `Ubaydah were alive, I would have appointed him the Khalifah." It was also said that the Ayah,

وَلَوْ كَانُواْ ءَابَآءَهُمْ

(even though they were their fathers), was revealed in the case of Abu `Ubaydah, when he killed his father during the battle of Badr, while the Ayah,

أَوْ أَبْنَآءَهُمْ

(or their sons) was revealed in the case of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq when he intended to kill his (disbelieving) son, `Abdur-Rahman, (during Badr), while the Ayah,

أَوْ إِخْوَنَهُمْ

(or their brothers) was revealed about the case of Mus`ab bin `Umayr, who killed his brother, `Ubayd bin `Umayr, during Badr, and that the Ayah,

أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ

(or their kindred) was revealed about the case of `Umar, who killed one of his relatives during Badr, and also that this Ayah was revealed in the case of Hamzah, `Ali and Ubaydah bin Al-Harith. They killed their close relatives `Utbah, Shaybah and Al-Walid bin `Utbah that day. Allah knows best. A similar matter is when Allah's Messenger ﷺ consulted with his Companions about what should be done with the captives of Badr. Abu Bakr As-Siddiq thought that they should accept ransom for them so the Muslims could use the money to strengthen themselves. He mentioned the fact that the captured were the cousins and the kindred, and that they might embrace Islam later on, by Allah's help. `Umar said, "But I have a different opinion, O Allah's Messenger! Let me kill so-and-so, my relative, and let `Ali kill `Aqil (`Ali's brother), and so-and-so kill so-and-so. Let us make it known to Allah that we have no mercy in our hearts for the idolators." Allah said,

أُوْلَـئِكَ كَتَبَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ الإِيمَـنَ وَأَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ

(For such He has written faith in their hearts, and strengthened them with Ruh from Himself.) means, those who have the quality of not befriending those who oppose Allah and His Messenger , even if they are their fathers or brothers, are those whom Allah has decreed faith, meaning, happiness, in their hearts and made faith dear to their hearts and happiness reside therein. As-Suddi said that the Ayah,

كَتَبَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ الإِيمَـنَ

(He has written faith in their hearts,) means, "He has placed faith in their hearts." Ibn `Abbas said that,

وَأَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ

(and strengthened them with Ruh from Himself.) means, "He gave them strengths." Allah's statement,

وَيُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الاٌّنْهَـرُ خَـلِدِينَ فِيهَا رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُواْ عَنْهُ

(And He will admit them to Gardens under which rivers flow, to dwell therein. Allah is well pleased with them, and they are well pleased with Him.) was explained several times before. Allah's statement,

رِّضِىَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُواْ عَنْهُ

(Allah is well pleased with them, and they are well pleased with Him.) contains a beautiful secret. When the believers became enraged against their relatives and kindred in Allah's cause, He compensated them by being pleased with them and making them pleased with Him from what He has granted them of eternal delight, ultimate victory and encompassing favor. Allah's statement,

أُوْلَـئِكَ حِزْبُ اللَّهِ أَلاَ إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

(They are the party of Allah. Verily, the party of Allah will be the successful.) indicates that they are the party of Allah, meaning, His servants who are worthy of earning His honor. Allah's statement,

أَلاَ إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

(Verily, the party of Allah will be the successful.) asserts their success, happiness and triumph in this life and the Hereafter, in contrast to those, who are the party of the devil,

أَلاَ إِنَّ حِزْبَ الشَّيْطَـنِ هُمُ الخَـسِرُونَ

(Verily, the party of Shaytan will be the losers!) This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Mujadilah. All praise and thanks are due to Allah.

Diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Abi hatim, ath-thabrani, Abu Nu'aim, dan al-Baihaqi dari Ibnu 'Abbas bahwa ia berkata, "Ayat ini turun berhubungan dengan Abu Ubaidah bin 'Abdillah al-Jarrah, yang mana dalam Perang Badar, selalu ditantang berperang tanding oleh ayahnya, 'Abdullah al-Jarrah. Akan tetapi, ia selalu berusaha menghindarkan diri dari perang tanding itu. Karena terus-menerus dicari dan diburu oleh ayahnya, ia terpaksa melayaninya, sehingga Abu Ubaidah membunuh ayahnya. Maka turunlah ayat ini.

Ayat ini menerangkan bahwa sebenarnya orang munafik itu benar-benar kafir, bahkan lebih berbahaya dari orang yang terang-terangan menyatakan kekafirannya. Orang-orang munafik yang dimaksud dalam ayat ini ialah orang-orang yang selalu berusaha dan mengadakan tipu daya dalam mencapai tujuan mereka untuk menghancurkan agama Islam dan kaum Muslimin. Orang-orang kafir yang tidak memusuhi kaum Muslimin atau orang yang tidak berusaha menghancurkan agama Islam dan kaum Muslimin tidak termasuk dalam ayat ini.

Kaum Muslimin dilarang berteman dengan orang-orang kafir yang menjadi musuh Islam karena hal itu berarti ikut berusaha menghancurkan Islam dan kaum Muslimin. Sedangkan terhadap orang-orang kafir yang tidak memusuhi kaum Muslimin dan tidak berusaha menghancurkan agama Islam, kaum Muslimin dibolehkan berteman dan bergaul dengan mereka, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Rasulullah saw sendiri dan para sahabat. Sesuai dengan firman Allah:

Allah tidak melarang kamu berbuat baik dan berlaku adil terhadap orang-orang yang tidak memerangimu dalam urusan agama dan tidak mengusir kamu dari kampung halamanmu. Sesungguhnya Allah mencintai orang-orang yang berlaku adil. (al-Mumtahanah/60: 8)

Kemudian ditegaskan, seandainya ada kaum Muslimin yang berteman erat dengan orang kafir yang memusuhi Islam maka hal itu adalah sikap yang tidak wajar. Sebab, tidak mungkin ada orang-orang mukmin yang benar-benar beriman kepada Allah berteman dengan orang kafir yang ingin menghancurkan Islam.

Dengan demikian, kaum Muslimin diminta agar selalu waspada setiap terjadi permusuhan dan pertempuran dengan orang-orang kafir. Sekali-kali tidak boleh berteman erat dengan mereka, karena akan membahayakan kaum Muslimin.

Allah menerangkan bahwa orang-orang yang telah diterangkan kekuatan iman dan keikhlasan hati mereka, seperti Abu Ubaidah, adalah orang yang telah tertanam keimanan dalam hatinya. Sehingga mereka tidak tahan mendengar Allah dan Rasul-Nya dicaci-maki orang, atau agama Islam direndahkan.

Di samping mempunyai keimanan yang kuat, Allah juga telah menguatkan hati dan jiwa mereka sehingga menimbulkan ketenangan jiwa dan ketetapan hati dalam menegakkan agama Allah. Oleh karena itu, mereka tidak dapat melakukan kerja sama dengan orang-orang yang memusuhi Islam dan kaum Muslimin.

Pada akhir ayat ini diterangkan balasan yang akan mereka peroleh dari Allah, yaitu:

1.Di akhirat mereka akan ditempatkan di dalam surga yang penuh kenikmatan, dan di bawahnya mengalir sungai-sungai. Mereka kekal di dalamnya.

2.Allah rida dan menyukai perbuatan-perbuatan yang telah mereka lakukan selama hidup di dunia dan keadaan mereka di akhirat. Mereka pun rida dan senang terhadap balasan yang dianugerahkan Allah kepada mereka cepat atau lambat.

3.Mereka termasuk orang-orang yang dimuliakan Allah karena telah bersedia menjadi tentara Allah dan mengorbankan segala yang ada pada mereka untuk meninggikan kalimat-Nya.

4.Mereka termasuk orang-orang yang beruntung, karena dirinya telah berhasil melaksanakan tugas hidupnya sebagai hamba Allah di dunia dan di akhirat.