Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:77

The Prohibition of Shirk (Polytheism) and Exaggeration in the Religion

Allah admonishes those who take up rivals with Him and worship the idols, monuments and false deities. Allah states that such false deities do not deserve any degree of Divinity. Allah said,

(Say) O Muhammad, to those from among the Children of Adam, such as the Christians, who worship other than Allah,

(How do you worship besides Allah something which has no power either to harm or to benefit you) meaning, which cannot prevent harm for you nor bring about your benefit,

(But it is Allah Who is the All-Hearer, All-Knower.) He hears what His servants say and has knowledge of all things. Therefore, how did you worship inanimate objects that do not hear, see or know anything - having no power to bring harm or benefit to themselves let alone others - instead of worshipping Allah Allah then said,

(Say: "O People of the Scipture! Exceed not the limits in your religion beyond the truth,) Meaning: Do not exceed the limits concerning the truth and exaggeration in praising whom you were commanded to honor. You exaggerated in his case and elevated him from the rank of Prophet to the rank of a god. You did this with `Isa, who was a Prophet, yet you claimed that he is god besides Allah. This error occurred because you followed your teachers, the advocates of misguidance who came before your time and who,

(...and who misled many, and strayed (themselves) from the right path,) deviated from the straight path, to the path of misguidance and deviation.

Pada ayat ini Allah melarang Ahli Kitab yang pada masa Nabi Muhammad bertindak keterlaluan di dalam agama sebagaimana nenek moyang mereka dahulu dan melarang mereka mengikuti sebab-sebab yang membawa nenek moyang mereka kepada kesesatan sehingga rnenyesatkan pula orang lain dari jalan kebenaran (ajaran Islam). Mereka meninggalkan hukum syariat dan mengikuti hawa nafsu yang buruk. Jadi dengan ayat ini dapatlah disimpulkan bahwa Ahli Kitab itu adalah:

a.Orang-orang yang sesat sejak dahulu karena mereka mengikuti hawa nafsu dalam urusan agama, membuat bidah, menghalalkan yang haram dan meninggalkan sunah Rasul.

b.Orang lain menjadi sesat, karena mereka setelah sesat berusaha menyesatkan orang lain, memperluas bidah yang diada-adakan oleh para pendeta mereka.

c.Orang yang berpaling dari agama Islam, terus-menerus berada dalam kesesatan, berarti mereka telah berbuat melampaui batas, berbuat bidah dan menyimpang dari itikad yang benar.