Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:64

The Jews Say That Allah's Hand is Tied up!

Allah states that the Jews, may Allah's continuous curses descend on them until the Day of Resurrection, describe Him as a miser. Allah is far holier than what they attribute to Him. The Jews also claim that Allah is poor, while they are rich. `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas commented on Allah's statement,

وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ يَدُ اللَّهِ مَغْلُولَةٌ

(The Jews say, "Allah's Hand is tied up.") "They do not mean that Allah's Hand is literally tied up. Rather, they mean that He is a miser and does not spend from what He has. Allah is far holier than what they attribute to Him." Similar was reported from Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Qatadah, As-Suddi and Ad-Dahhak. Allah said in another Ayah,

وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ يَدَكَ مَغْلُولَةً إِلَى عُنُقِكَ وَلاَ تَبْسُطْهَا كُلَّ الْبَسْطِ فَتَقْعُدَ مَلُومًا مَّحْسُوراً

(And let not your hand be tied (like a miser) to your neck, nor stretch it forth to its utmost reach (like a spendthrift), so that you become blameworthy and in severe poverty.) In this Ayah, Allah prohibits stinginess and extravagance, which includes unnecessary and improper expenditures. Allah describes stinginess by saying,

وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ يَدَكَ مَغْلُولَةً إِلَى عُنُقِكَ

(And let not your hand be tied (like a miser) to your neck. ) Therefore, this is the meaning that the Jews meant, may Allah's curses be on them. `Ikrimah said that this Ayah was revealed about Finhas, one of the Jews, may Allah curse him. We mentioned before that Finhas said,

إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ أَغْنِيَآءُ

("Truly, Allah is poor and we are rich!") and that Abu Bakr smacked him. Allah has refuted what the Jews attribute to Him and cursed them in retaliation for their lies and fabrications about Him. Allah said,

غُلَّتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَلُعِنُواْ بِمَا قَالُواْ

(Be their hands tied up and be they accursed for what they uttered.) What Allah said occurred, for the Jews are indeed miserly, envious, cowards and tremendously humiliated. Allah said in other Ayat,

أَمْ لَهُمْ نَصِيبٌ مِّنَ الْمُلْكِ فَإِذاً لاَّ يُؤْتُونَ النَّاسَ نَقِيراً - أَمْ يَحْسُدُونَ النَّاسَ عَلَى مَآ ءَاتَـهُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ فَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَآ ءَالَ إِبْرَهِيمَ الْكِتَـبَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَءَاتَيْنَـهُمْ مُّلْكاً عَظِيماً

(Or have they a share in the dominion Then in that case they would not give mankind even a Naqir. Or do they envy men for what Allah has given them of His bounty Then, We had already given the family of Ibrahim the Book and the Hikmah, and conferred upon them a great kingdom.) and, n

ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ

(Indignity is put over them.)

Allah's Hands are Widely Outstretched

Allah said next,

بَلْ يَدَاهُ مَبْسُوطَتَانِ يُنفِقُ كَيْفَ يَشَآءُ

(Nay, both His Hands are widely outstretched. He spends (of His bounty) as He wills.) Allah's favors are ample, His bounty unlimited, as He owns the treasures of everything. Any good that reaches His servants is from Him alone, without partners. He has created everything that we need by night or by day, while traveling or at home and in all situations and conditions. Allah said,

وَآتَاكُم مِّن كُلِّ مَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُ وَإِن تَعُدُّواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ لاَ تُحْصُوهَا إِنَّ الإنْسَانَ لَظَلُومٌ كَفَّارٌ

(And He gave you of all that you asked for, and if you count the blessings of Allah, never will you be able to count them. Verily, man is indeed an extreme wrongdoer, an extreme ingrate.) There are many other Ayat on this subject. Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal said that `Abdur-Razzaq narrated to him that Ma`mar said that Hammam bin Munabbih said, "This is what Abu Hurayrah narrated to us that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«إِنَّ يَمِينَ اللهِ مَلْأَى، لَا يَغِيضُهَا نَفَقَةٌ، سَحَّاءُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ، أَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا أَنْفَقَ مُنْذُ خَلَقَ السَّموَات وَالْأَرْضَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَغِضْ مَا فِي يَمِينِهِ قال : وَعَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ، وَفِي يَدِهِ الْأَخُرى الْقَبْضُ يَرْفَعُ وَيَخْفِض»

(Allah's Right Hand is perfectly full, and no amount of spending can decrease what He has, even though He spends by night and by day. Do you see how much Allah has spent since He created the heavens and earth Yet surely it has not decreased what He has in His Right Hand. His Throne is over the water and in His Other Hand is the hold by which He raises and lowers.) He also said, قُولُ اللهُ تَعَالى:

«أَنْفِقْ، أُنْفِقْ عَلَيْك»

(Allah said, `Spend and I will spend on you.')" This Hadith was recorded in the Two Sahihs.

The Revelation to the Muslims only Adds to the Transgression and Disbelief of the Jews

Allah said,

وَلَيَزِيدَنَّ كَثِيراً مِّنْهُم مَّآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ طُغْيَـناً وَكُفْراً

(Verily, the revelation that has come to you from your Lord makes many of them increase in rebellion and disbelief.) meaning, the bounty that comes to you, O Muhammad, is a calamity for your enemies, the Jews and their kind. The more the revelation increases the believers in faith, good works, and beneficial knowledge, the more the disbelievers increase in envy for you and your Ummah, the more they increase in Tughyan -- which is to exceed the ordained limits for things -- and in disbelief -- meaning denial of you. Allah said in other Ayat,

قُلْ هُوَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ هُدًى وَشِفَآءٌ وَالَّذِينَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ فِى ءَاذَانِهِمْ وَقْرٌ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَمًى أُوْلَـئِكَ يُنَادَوْنَ مِن مَّكَانٍ بَعِيدٍ

(Say: "It is for those who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for those who disbelieve, there is heaviness (deafness) in their ears, and it is blindness for them. They are those who are called from a place far away.") and,

وَنُنَزِّلُ مِنَ الْقُرْءَانِ مَا هُوَ شِفَآءٌ وَرَحْمَةٌ لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلاَ يَزِيدُ الظَّـلِمِينَ إَلاَّ خَسَارًا

(And We send down of the Qur'an that which is a healing and a mercy to those who believe, and it increases wrongdoers in nothing but loss. ) Allah said next,

وَأَلْقَيْنَا بَيْنَهُمُ الْعَدَاوَةَ وَالْبَغْضَآءَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَـمَةِ

(We have put enmity and hatred among them till the Day of Resurrection.) Therefore, their hearts are never united. Rather, their various groups and sects will always have enmity and hatred for each other, because they do not agree on the truth, and because they opposed you and denied you. Allah's statement,

كُلَّمَآ أَوْقَدُواْ نَاراً لِّلْحَرْبِ أَطْفَأَهَا اللَّهُ

(Every time they kindled the fire of war, Allah extinguished it;) means, every time they try to plot against you and kindled the fire of war, Allah extinguishes it and makes their plots turn against them. Therefore, their evil plots will return to harm them.

وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ فَسَاداً وَاللَّهُ لاَ يُحِبُّ الْمُفْسِدِينَ

(and they (ever) strive to make mischief on earth. And Allah does not like the mischief-makers.) It is their habit to always strive to cause mischief on the earth, and Allah does not like those with such behavior.

Had the People of the Book Adhered to their Book, they WouldHave Acquired the Good of this Life and the Hereafter

Allah said next,

وَلَوْ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَـبِ ءَامَنُواْ وَاتَّقَوْاْ

(And if only the People of the Scripture had believed and had Taqwa...) Consequently, had the People of the Book believed in Allah and His Messenger and avoided the sins and prohibitions that they committed;

لَكَفَّرْنَا عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَـتِهِمْ وَلاٌّدْخَلْنَـهُمْ جَنَّـتِ النَّعِيمِ

(We would indeed have expiated for them their sins and admitted them to Gardens of pleasure (in Paradise).) meaning We would have removed the dangers from them and granted them their objectives.

وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ أَقَامُواْ التَّوْرَاةَ وَالإِنجِيلَ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيهِمْ مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ

(And if only they had acted according to the Tawrah, the Injil, and what has (now) been sent down to them from their Lord,) meaning, the Qur'an, as Ibn `Abbas and others said.

لاّكَلُواْ مِن فَوْقِهِمْ وَمِن تَحْتِ أَرْجُلِهِم

(they would surely have gotten provision from above them and from underneath their feet.) Had they adhered to the Books that they have with them which they inherited from the Prophets, without altering or changing these Books, these would have directed them to follow the truth and implement the revelation that Allah sent Muhammad with. These Books testify to the Prophet's truth and command that he must be followed. Allah's statement,

لاّكَلُواْ مِن فَوْقِهِمْ وَمِن تَحْتِ أَرْجُلِهِم

(they would surely have gotten provision from above them and from underneath their feet.) refers to the tremendous provision that would have descended to them from the sky and grown for them on the earth. Allah said in another Ayah,

وَلَوْ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْقُرَى ءَامَنُواْ وَاتَّقَوْاْ لَفَتَحْنَا عَلَيْهِم بَرَكَـتٍ مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ وَالاٌّرْضِ

(And if the people of the towns had believed and had Taqwa, certainly, We should have opened for them blessings from the heaven and the earth.) Allah's statement,

مِّنْهُمْ أُمَّةٌ مُّقْتَصِدَةٌ وَكَثِيرٌ مِّنْهُمْ سَآءَ مَا يَعْمَلُونَ

(And among them is a Muqtasid Ummah, but for most of them; evil is their work.) is similar to Allah's statement,

وَمِن قَوْمِ مُوسَى أُمَّةٌ يَهْدُونَ بِالْحَقِّ وَبِهِ يَعْدِلُونَ

(And of the people of Musa there is a community who lead (the men) with truth and establish justice therewith.)7:159 and His statement about the followers of `Isa, peace be upon him,

فَـَاتَيْنَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مِنْهُمْ أَجْرَهُمْ

(So We gave those among them who believed, their (due) reward.) Therefore, Allah gave them the highest grade of Iqtisad, which is the middle course, given to this Ummah. Above them there is the grade of Sabiqun, as Allah described in His statement;

ثُمَّ أَوْرَثْنَا الْكِتَـبَ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفَيْنَا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا فَمِنْهُمْ ظَـلِمٌ لِّنَفْسِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مُّقْتَصِدٌ وَمِنْهُمْ سَابِقٌ بِالْخَيْرَتِ بِإِذُنِ اللَّهِ ذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَضْلُ الْكَبِيرُ - جَنَّـتُ عَدْنٍ يَدْخُلُونَهَا يُحَلَّوْنَ فِيهَا مِنْ أَسَاوِرَ مِن ذَهَبٍ وَلُؤْلُؤاً وَلِبَاسُهُمْ فِيهَا حَرِيرٌ

(Then We gave the Book as inheritance to such of Our servants whom We chose. Then of them are some who wrong themselves, and of them are some who follow a middle course, and of them are some who, by Allah's permission, are Sabiq (foremost) in good deeds. That itself is indeed a great grace. `Adn (Eden) Paradise (everlasting Gardens) will they enter, therein will they be adorned with bracelets of gold and pearls, and their garments there will be of silk.)35:32-33

Menurut riwayat Ibnu Ishak dan at-thabrani dari Ibnu Abbas dia berkata, "Seorang Yahudi yang bernama Nabbasy bin Qais berkata kepada Nabi Muhammad saw, 'Tuhan engkau kikir, tidak suka memberi." Maka ayat ini meskipun yang mengatakan kepada Nabi itu hanya seorang dari kalangan Yahudi namun dapat dianggap menggambarkan pendirian secara kesuluruhan dari kaumnya. Ayat ini menceritakan bahwa orang Yahudi itu berkata, "Tangan Allah terbelenggu," tetapi yang sebenarnya terbelenggu adalah tangan mereka sendiri, dengan demikian mereka akan dilaknat Allah.

Perkataan orang Yahudi bahwa "tangan Allah terbelenggu" adalah tidak masuk akal, sebab mereka mengakui bahwa Allah adalah nama bagi zat yang pasti ada dan Mahakuasa, Dia pencipta alam semesta. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tangan Allah tidak terbelenggu dari kekuasaan-Nya tidak terbatas karena jika demikian maka tentulah Dia tidak dapat memelihara dan mengatur alam ini. Maka apakah yang mendorong mereka mengucapkan kata-kata demikian? Sebagian mufasir mengemukakan bahwa dorongan tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:

1.Mungkin mereka mendengar ayat:

Barang siapa meminjami Allah dengan pinjaman yang baik maka Allah akan melipatgandakan ganti kepadanya dengan banyak. Allah menahan dan melapangkan (rezeki) dan kepada-Nyalah kamu dikembalikan. (al-Baqarah/2:245).

Setelah mendengar ayat ini mereka mengatakan bahwa tangan Allah itu terbelenggu dengan arti kikir, karena Allah tidak mampu dan miskin sehingga memerlukan pinjaman.

2.Mereka mengucapkan ucapan tersebut dengan mengejek kaum Muslimin ketika mereka melihat sahabat Nabi yang sedang berada dalam kesempitan dan kesulitan keuangan.

3.Pada awalnya masyarakat Yahudi adalah orang-orang kaya. Ketika Nabi Muhammad diutus menjadi Rasul mereka menentang-Nya, oleh karenanya mereka banyak mengeluarkan harta benda untuk pembiayaan menggagalkan dakwah sehingga orang-orang kaya dari kalangan mereka banyak yang menjadi miskin. Karena Allah tidak melapangkan rezeki lagi bagi mereka yang telah miskin itu, mereka mengeluarkan ucapan "tangan Allah terbelenggu" dengan maksud, Allah itu kikir karena tidak menolong mereka.

Pernyataan dalam ayat ini menyatakan bahwa "Tangan orang Yahudi itulah yang terbelenggu dan mereka mendapat laknat disebabkan apa yang telah mereka katakan adalah suatu pernyatan terhadap kekikiran mereka, yakni merekalah yang kikir, terbelenggu tangannya, tidak mau memberi bantuan. Ternyata memang mereka adalah umat yang terkikir, mereka baru mau memberikan bantuan jika mereka melihat ada harapan akan mendapat keuntungan yang besar. Dan mereka pada hari kemudian pasti menerima kutukan Allah sebagai balasan atas perbuatan mereka.

Ayat ini juga menegaskan bahwa Allah Maha Pemurah dan Dia memberi sebagaimana yang Dia kehendaki. Perkataan "tangan" dalam bahasa Arab mempunyai beberapa arti, yaitu: (1) salah satu dari anggota tubuh manusia, (2) kekuatan, (3) kepunyaan (milik), dan (4) nikmat karunia.

Pengertian yang keempat inilah yang dimaksud dengan perkataan "tangan" yang disandarkan kepada Allah pada ayat ini. Demikianlah para ulama khalaf mengartikan tangan dalam ayat ini. Dengan demikian hendaklah diartikan perkataan "kedua tangan Allah terbuka" dengan makna nikmat karunia Allah terbentang luas, nikmat karunia itu diberikan kepada siapa-siapa yang dikehendaki-Nya. Adapun golongan yang tidak menerima nikmat karunia Allah janganlah menganggap bahwa Allah itu kikir atau fakir.

Adanya perbedaan tingkatan manusia di dalam menerima rezeki dari Allah, adalah termasuk sunnatullah. Allah berfirman:

"Apakah mereka yang membagi-bagi rahmat Tuhanmu? Kamilah yang menentukan penghidupan mereka dalam kehidupan dunia, dan Kami meninggikan sebagian mereka atas sebagian yang lain beberapa derajat, agar sebagian mereka dapat memanfaatkan sebagian yang lain. Dan rahmat Tuhanmu lebih baik dari apa yang mereka kumpulkan." (az-Zukhruf/43:32).

Para mufasir dalam menafsirkan ayat ini ada dua pendapat, yaitu:

Pertama, terkenal dengan ahli tawil yaitu yang menakwil pengertian kalimat-kalimat menurut pengertian majazi (kiasan), umpamanya ayat:

"Tetapi wajah Tuhanmu yang memiliki kebesaran dan kemuliaan tetap kekal." (ar-Rahman/55:27).

Golongan ini menakwil kata "wajah", umpamanya pada kalimat "aku tidak melihat wajah fulan" maksudnya adalah diri atau zat fulan. Jadi kalimat itu sama dengan kalimat "aku tidak melihat fulan (tanpa menyebutkan kata "wajah").

Kedua, golongan ahli tafwid yaitu menyerahkan maksud kalimat atau perkataan seperti demikian itu kepada Allah. Mereka mengartikan tangan dengan arti hakikinya. Jadi ini mengartikan perkataan "wajah" pada ayat Surah ar-Rahman tersebut menurut arti hakiki yaitu "muka." Tentang bagaimanakah keadaan muka Tuhan itu mereka menyerahkan juga kepada Tuhan, dan dalam hal ini mereka berpegang pada ayat:

Tidak ada sesuatu pun yang serupa dengan Dia" (asy-Syura/42:11).

Jadi golongan ini menetapkan Tuhan itu bermuka, tetapi tidak seperti muka manusia.

Ayat ini mengutarakan kepada Muhammad bahwa apa yang diturunkan kepadanya benar-benar akan menambah kedurhakaan dan kekafiran bagi kebanyakan di antara kaum Yahudi dan menerangkan bahwa ayat yang diturunkan itu mengandung pengetahuan yang tidak diketahui oleh Yahudi yang semasa dengan Nabi Muhammad saw. Karena jika tidak demikian halnya tentulah Muhammad tidak mengetahui semua itu, sebab dia adalah ummi tidak pandai tulis baca. Tetapi karena kedengkian dan kefanatikan, orang-orang Yahudi itu semakin jauh dari beriman kepada Nabi Muhammad meskipun kenabian Muhammad telah ditulis di dalam kitab suci.

Ayat ini juga menerangkan bahwa Allah akan menimbulkan permusuhan di antara sesama Ahli Kitab. Permusuhan itu tidak akan berakhir sampai hari Kiamat. Watak kaum Yahudi memang suka menyalakan api peperangan, fitnah dan keonaran. Watak seperti itu telah tercatat dalam sejarah dan membuktikan bahwa mereka selalu berusaha memperdayakan Nabi Muhammad dan orang-orang beriman baik secara langsung maupun dengan cara membujuk orang musyrik atau orang Nasrani untuk memerangi Nabi Muhammad dan orang-orang yang beriman.

Watak seperti itu membawa mereka senang berbuat dan melihat kerusakan di bumi. Tetapi setiap kali mereka menyalakan api peperangan, fitnah dan keonaran, serta mencoba membuat kerusakan, Allah tetap memadamkannya, karena Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang yang berbuat kerusakan, oleh karenanya usaha-usaha mereka untuk membuat kerusakan dan bencana di atas bumi ini selalu mengalami kegagalan.