Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:114

Sending Down the Ma'idah

This is the story of the Ma'idah, the name of which this Surah bears, Surat Al-Ma'idah. This is also among the favors that Allah granted His servant and Messenger, `Isa, accepting his request to send the Ma'idah down, and doing so as clear proof and unequivocal evidence. Allah said,

((Remember) when Al-Hawaryun said...) the disciples of `Isa said,

(O `Isa, son of Maryam! Can your Lord send down to us a Ma'idah from heaven) The Ma'idah is the table that has food on it. Some scholars said that the disciples requested this table because they were poor and deprived. So they asked `Isa to supplicate to Allah to send a table of food down to them that they could eat from every day and thus be more able to perform the acts of worship.

(`Isa said: "Have Taqwa of Allah, if you are indeed believers.") `Isa answered them by saying, `Have Taqwa of Allah! And do not ask for this, for it may become a trial for you, but trust in Allah for your provisions, if you are truly believers. '

(They said: "We wish to eat thereof.") we need to eat from it,

(and to be stronger in faith,) when we witness it descending from heaven as sustenance for us,

(and to know that you have indeed told us the truth,) of your Message and our faith in you increases and also our knowledge,

(and that we ourselves be its witnesses.) testifying that it is a sign from Allah, as proof and evidence that you are a Prophet, and attesting to the truth of what you brought us,

(`Isa, son of Maryam, said: "O Allah, our Lord! Send us from heaven a table spread (with food) that there may be for us -- for the first and the last of us -- a festival...") As-Suddi commented that the Ayah means, "We will take that day on which the table was sent down as a day of celebration, that we and those who come after us would consider sacred." Sufyan Ath-Thawri said that it means, "A day of prayer."

(and a sign from You. ) proving that You are able to do all things and to accept my supplication, so that they accept what I convey to them from You,

(and provide us sustenance,) a delicious food from You that does not require any effort or hardship,

("For You are the Best of sustainers." Allah said: "I am going to send it down unto you, but if any of you after that disbelieves...") by denying this sign and defying its implication, O `Isa,

(then I will punish him with a torment such as I have not inflicted on anyone among the `Alamin.) among the people of your time. Allah said in similar Ayat,

(And on the Day when the Hour will be established (it will be said to the angels): "Cause Fir'awn's people to enter the severest torment!") 40:46, and,

(Verily, the hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire. ) 4:145 Ibn Jarir said that `Abdullah bin `Amr said, "Those who will receive the severest torment on the Day of Resurrection are three: The hypocrites, those from the people of Al-Ma'idah who disbelieved in it, and the people of Fir`awn." Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "They said to `Isa, son of Maryam, `Supplicate to Allah to send down to us from heaven, a table spread with food.' He also said, `So the angels brought the table down containing seven fish and seven pieces of bread and placed it before them. So the last group of people ate as the first group did." Ibn Jarir recorded that Ishaq bin `Abdullah said that the table was sent down to `Isa son of Maryam having seven pieces of bread and seven fish, and they ate from it as much as they wished. But when some of them stole food from it, saying, "It might not come down tomorrow," the table ascended. These statements testify that the table was sent down to the Children of Israel during the time of `Isa, son of Maryam, as a result of Allah's accepting his supplication to Him. The apparent wording of this Ayah also states so,

(Allah said: "I am going to send it down unto you...") 5:115.

Dalam ayat ini diterangkan, bahwa Nabi Isa setelah mengetahui maksud baik dari kaum hawariyyin dalam permohonan mereka yaitu bahwa mereka tidak meragukan kekuasaan Allah, melainkan karena mereka ingin lebih yakin dan memperoleh keimanan yang lebih kuat serta ketenteraman hati, maka Nabi Isa mengabulkan permohonan mereka untuk bedoa kepada Allah agar menurunkan hidangan untuk mereka. Nabi Isa memulai doanya itu dengan ucapan "Allahuma Rabbana". Sedangkan kata-kata tersebut mengandung pengertian sifat-sifat keagungan-Nya, yaitu: ketuhanan, kekuasaan, hikmah dan kebijaksanaan-Nya, serta sifat-sifat-Nya sebagai Penguasa, Pendidik, Pemelihara dan Pemberi nikmat.

Kemudian Isa melanjutkan doanya dengan permohonan agar Allah menurunkan untuk mereka hidangan dari langit. Nabi Isa mengharapkan agar hari ketika hidangan itu turun akan menjadi hari raya bagi mereka dan generasi mereka selanjutnya. Hal ini juga akan menjadi tanda atau bukti bagi kekuasaan Allah. Nabi Isa mengakhiri doanya dengan ucapan, "Berilah kami rezeki, karena Engkau adalah Pemberi rezeki Yang Paling Utama." Hal yang perlu kita perhatikan dalam ayat ini ialah bahwa Nabi Isa dalam doanya lebih dahulu menyebutkan faedah rohaniah yang akan diperoleh bila Allah mengabulkan doanya, kemudian baru disebutkan faedahnya dari segi jasmaniah. Faedah rohaniah ialah: turunnya hidangan itu akan merupakan hari yang amat penting dalam kehidupan umatnya, dan akan mereka jadikan hari raya, dimana mereka akan selalu mengenang rahmat Allah, dan mereka akan mengagungkan kebesaran kekuasaan-Nya. Hal ini akan menambah keyakinan mereka, dan akan memperkokoh keimanan kepada Allah. Adapun faedah jasmaniah ialah makanan itu akan merupakan rezeki yang akan menghilangkan rasa lapar dan mengembalikan kesegaran dan kekuatan jasmani mereka.

Lain halnya kaum hawariyyin ketika mereka mengemukakan permintaan itu kepada Isa. Mereka mendahulukan penyebutan faedah jasmaniah, dan sesudah itu barulah menyebutkan faedah rohaniahnya. Dengan demikian dapat diambil kesimpulan, bahwa dengan susunan doanya itu, Nabi Isa mengajarkan kepada umatnya, agar mereka lebih mengutamakan segi-segi mental rohaniah daripada segi-segi fisik materiil jasmaniah.

Disebutkan "Ma'idah" dalam surah ini yang berarti "hidangan" maka kata tersebut telah disepakati menjadi nama bagi surah ini, yaitu Surah al-Ma'idah/5. Kata-kata yang dipakai menjadi nama bagi surah-surah Al-Qur'an kebanyakan diambil dari suatu kata yang terdapat di dalam surah bersangkutan, yang berkenaan dengan suatu hal yang amat penting, misalnya: nama surah ini dan Surah "al-Baqarah". Adakalanya pula diambil dari kata-kata lain yang tidak terdapat dalam surah itu tetapi menunjukkan dengan jelas isi surah tersebut, misalnya nama Surah al-Ikhlas/ 112.

Ayat 112 dan 113 menyebutkan permintaan hidangan makanan dari langit oleh pengikut-pengikut Nabi Isa. Dalam beberapa bab dalam Perjanjian Baru dilukiskan sangat beragam (Matius vi.11, Kisah Para Rasul x.9-12 dan sebagainya).