Surah Al-Kahf 18:46

The Parable of the Worldly Life

Allah says:

وَاضْرِبْ لَهُم

(And mention) O Muhammad, to the people,

مَثَلُ الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا

(the parable of the worldly life), its transient nature and how it will eventually cease and come to an end.

كَمَآءٍ أَنزَلْنَاهُ مِنَ السَّمَآءِ فَاخْتَلَطَ بِهِ نَبَاتُ الاٌّرْضِ

(it is like the water which We send down from the sky, and the vegetation of the earth mingles with it,) It mingles with the seeds that are in the earth, so they grow and become good, producing bright, fresh flowers, then after that,

فَأَصْبَحَ هَشِيمًا

(it becomes dry and broken pieces,) withered up,

تَذْرُوهُ الرِّياحُ

(which the winds scatter.) tossing them about right and left.

وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ مُّقْتَدِرًا

(And Allah is able to do everything) He has the power to do this and that. In the Qur'an Allah often gives parables like this of the life of this world, as He says in Surah Yunus,

إِنَّمَا مَثَلُ الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا كَمَآءٍ أَنزَلْنَاهُ مِنَ السَّمَآءِ فَاخْتَلَطَ بِهِ نَبَاتُ الاٌّرْضِ مِمَّا يَأْكُلُ النَّاسُ وَالاٌّنْعَـمُ

(The parable of the worldly life is but that of water which We send down from the sky so by it arises the intermingled produce of the earth of which men and cattle eat. ..) 10:24 and in Surat Az-Zumar:

أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَآءِ مَآءً فَسَلَكَهُ يَنَابِيعَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُ بِهِ زَرْعاً مُّخْتَلِفاً أَلْوَانُهُ

s(See you not that Allah sends down water from the sky, and causes it to penetrate the earth, then out from it comes crops of different colors.) 39:21 and in Surat Al-Hadid:

اعْلَمُواْ أَنَّمَا الْحَيَوةُ الدُّنْيَا لَعِبٌ وَلَهْوٌ وَزِينَةٌ وَتَفَاخُرٌ بَيْنَكُمْ وَتَكَاثُرٌ فِى الاٌّمْوَلِ وَالاٌّوْلْـدِ كَمَثَلِ غَيْثٍ أَعْجَبَ الْكُفَّارَ نَبَاتُهُ

(Know that the life of this world is only play and amusement, pomp and mutual boasting among you, and rivalry in respect of wealth and children. (It is) like the parable of vegetation after rain, thereof the growth is pleasing to the tiller...) 57:20 and in the Sahih Hadith:

«الدُّنْيَا حُلْوَةٌ خَضِرَة»

(This world is sweet and green.)

Between Wealth and Good Deeds

الْمَالُ وَالْبَنُونَ زِينَةُ الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا

(Wealth and children are the adornment of the life of this world.) This is like the Ayah:

زُيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ حُبُّ الشَّهَوَتِ مِنَ النِّسَآءِ وَالْبَنِينَ وَالْقَنَـطِيرِ الْمُقَنطَرَةِ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ

(Beautified for men is the love of things they covet; women, children, vaulted hoards of gold...) 3:14. Allah says:

إِنَّمَآ أَمْوَلُكُمْ وَأَوْلَـدُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ وَاللَّهُ عِنْدَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ

(Your wealth and your children are only a trial, whereas Allah! With Him is a great reward (Paradise).) 64:15 turning towards Allah and worshipping Him is better for you than keeping busy with them, and accumulating wealth for them and going to extremes in feeling pity and compassion for them. Allah says:

وَالْبَـقِيَاتُ الصَّـلِحَاتُ خَيْرٌ عِندَ رَبِّكَ ثَوَابًا وَخَيْرٌ أَمَلاً

(But the good righteous deeds that last, are better with your Lord for reward and better for hope.) Ibn `Abbas, Sa`id bin Jubayr and others among the Salaf said that the good righteous deeds that last are the five daily prayers. `Ata' bin Abi Rabah and Sa`id bin Jubayr narrated from Ibn `Abbas, "The good righteous deeds that last are `Subhan Allah (glory be to Allah)', `Al-Hamdu Lillah (praise be to Allah)', `La ilaha illallah (there is none worthy of worship except Allah)', and `Allahu Akbar (Allah is Most Great).'" The Commander of the faithful, `Uthman bin `Affan was questioned, "Which are the good righteous deeds that last" He replied, "They are: `La ilaha illallah, Subhan Allah, Al-Hamdu Lillah, Allahu Akbar and La hawla wa la quwwata illa billah hil-`Aliyil-`Azim (there is no strength and no power except with Allah the Exalted, the Almighty)."' This was recorded by Imam Ahmad. Imam Ahmad also recorded from a freed slave of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he said:

«بَخٍ بَخٍ لِخَمْسٍ مَا أَثْقَلَهُنَّ فِي الْمِيزَانِ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَاللهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللهِ، وَالْحَمْدُ للهِ، وَالْوَلَدُ الصَّالِحُ يُتَوَفَّى فَيَحْتَسِبُهُ وَالِدُهُ وَقَالَ: بَخٍ بَخٍ لِخَمْسٍ مَنْ لَقِيَ اللهَ مُسْتَيْقِنًا بِهِنَّ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ: يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ، وَبِالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ، وَبِالْبَعْثِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ، وَبِالْحِسَاب»

(Well done! Well done for five things! (How heavy they will weigh in the balance! "La ilaha illallah, Allahu Akbar, Subhan Allah, and Al-Hamdu Lillah," and a righteous son who dies and his parents seek the reward of Allah.) And he said: (Well done! Well done for five things! Whoever meets Allah believing in them, he will enter Paradise; if he believes in Allah, the Last Day, Paradise and Hell, resurrection after death, and the Reckoning).

وَالْبَـقِيَاتُ الصَّـلِحَاتُ

(the good righteous deeds that last, ) `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "This is the celebration of the remembrance of Allah, saying `La ilaha illallah, Allahu Akbar, Subhan Allah, Al-Hamdu Lillah, Tabarak Allah, La hawla wa la quwwata illa billah, Astaghfirallah, Sallallahu `ala Rasul-Allah', and fasting, prayer, Hajj, Sadaqah (charity), freeing slaves, Jihad, maintaining ties of kinship, and all other good deeds. These are the righteous good deeds that last, which will remain in Paradise for those who do them for as long as heaven and earth remain." Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas: "They are good words." `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "They are all righteous deeds." This was also the view chosen by Ibn Jarir, may Allah have mercy on him.

Allah menjelaskan bahwa yang menjadi kebanggaan manusia di dunia ini adalah harta benda dan anak-anak, karena manusia sangat mem-perhatikan keduanya. Banyak harta dan anak dapat memberikan kehidupan dan martabat yang terhormat kepada orang yang memilikinya. Seperti halnya 'Uyainah, pemuka Quraisy yang kaya itu, atau Qurthus, yang mempunyai kedudukan mulia di tengah-tengah kaumnya, karena memiliki kekayaan dan anak buah yang banyak. Karena harta dan anak pula, orang menjadi takabur dan merendahkan orang lain. Allah menegaskan bahwa keduanya hanyalah perhiasan hidup duniawi, bukan perhiasan dan bekal untuk ukhrawi. Padahal manusia sudah menyadari bahwa keduanya akan segera binasa dan tidak patut dijadikan bahan kesombongan. Dalam urutan ayat ini, harta didahulukan dari anak, padahal anak lebih dekat ke hati manusia, karena harta sebagai perhiasan lebih sempurna daripada anak. Harta dapat menolong orang tua dan anak setiap waktu dan dengan harta itu pula kelangsungan hidup keturunan dapat terjamin. Kebutuhan manusia terhadap harta lebih besar daripada kebutuhannya terhadap anak, tetapi tidak sebaliknya.

Kemudian Allah swt menjelaskan bahwa yang patut dibanggakan hanyalah amal kebajikan yang buahnya dirasakan oleh manusia sepanjang zaman sampai akhirat, seperti amal ibadah salat, puasa, zakat, jihad di jalan Allah, serta amal ibadah sosial seperti membangun sekolah, rumah anak yatim, rumah orang-orang jompo, dan lain sebagainya. Amal kebajikan ini lebih baik pahalanya di sisi Allah daripada harta dan anak-anak yang jauh dari petunjuk Allah swt, dan tentu menjadi pembela dan pemberi syafaat bagi orang yang memilikinya di hari akhirat ketika harta dan anak tidak lagi bermanfaat.