Surah Al-Isra 17:80

The Command to emigrate

Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said: The Prophet was in Makkah, then he was commanded to emigrate, and Allah revealed the words:

وَقُل رَّبِّ أَدْخِلْنِى مُدْخَلَ صِدْقٍ وَأَخْرِجْنِى مُخْرَجَ صِدْقٍ وَاجْعَل لِّى مِن لَّدُنْكَ سُلْطَـناً نَّصِيرًا

(And say: "My Lord! Let my entry be good, and (likewise) my exit be good. And grant me from You a helping authority.") At-Tirmidhi said, "This is Hasan Sahih." Al-Hasan Al-Basri commented on this Ayah, "When the disbelievers of Makkah conspired to kill the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, or expel him or imprison him, Allah wanted him to fight the people of Makkah, and commanded him to go to Al-Madinah. What Allah said was:

وَقُل رَّبِّ أَدْخِلْنِى مُدْخَلَ صِدْقٍ وَأَخْرِجْنِى مُخْرَجَ صِدْقٍ

(And say: "My Lord! Let my entry be good, and (likewise) my exit be good...")

وَقُل رَّبِّ أَدْخِلْنِى مُدْخَلَ صِدْقٍ

(And say: "My Lord! Let my entry be good...") means, my entry to Al-Madinah.

وَأَخْرِجْنِى مُخْرَجَ صِدْقٍ

(and (likewise) my exit be good, ) means, my exit from Makkah. This was also the view of `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam.

وَاجْعَل لِّى مِن لَّدُنْكَ سُلْطَـناً نَّصِيرًا

(And grant me from You a helping authority.) Al-Hasan Al-Basri explained this Ayah; "His Lord promised to take away the kingdom and glory of Persia and give it to him, and the kingdom and glory of Byzantium and give it to him." Qatadah said, "The Prophet of Allah knew that that he could not achieve this without authority or power, so he asked for authority to help him support the Book of Allah, the Laws of Allah, the obligations of Allah and to establish the religion of Allah. Authority is a mercy from Allah which He places among His servants, otherwise some of them would attack others, and the strong would consume the weak." Alongside the truth, he also needed power and authority in order to suppress those who opposed and resisted him, hence Allah said:

لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَـتِ

(Indeed We have sent Our Messengers with clear proofs,) until His saying,

وَأَنزْلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ

(And We brought forth iron) 57:25

A Threat to the Disbelievers of the Quraysh

وَقُلْ جَآءَ الْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ الْبَـطِلُ

(And say: "Truth has come and falsehood has vanished...") This is a threat and a warning to the disbelievers of the Quraysh, for there has come to them from Allah the truth of which there can be no doubt and which they have no power to resist. This is what Allah has sent to them of the Qur'an, faith and beneficial knowledge. Their falsehood has perished or vanished and been destroyed, it cannot remain or stand firm in the face of the truth.

بَلْ نَقْذِفُ بِالْحَقِّ عَلَى الْبَـطِلِ فَيَدْمَغُهُ فَإِذَا هُوَ زَاهِقٌ

Nay, We fling the truth against the falsehood, so it destroys it, and behold, it dis- appears. Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said: The Prophet entered Makkah (at the Con- quest), and around the House (the Ka`bah) were three hundred and sixty idols. He started to strike them with a stick in his hand, saying,

جَآءَ الْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ الْبَـطِلُ إِنَّ الْبَـطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا

(Truth has come and falsehood has vanished. Surely falsehood is ever bound to vanish.) 17:81

جَآءَ الْحَقُّ وَمَا يُبْدِىءُ الْبَـطِلُ وَمَا يُعِيدُ

(Truth has come, and falsehood can neither create anything nor resurrect (anything).) 34:49

At-Tirmidzi meriwayatkan dari Ibnu 'Abbas bahwa Nabi berada di Mekah, lalu diperintahkan Allah untuk hijrah. Maka turunlah ayat ini.

Allah swt memerintahkan kepada Nabi Muhammad saw agar mengucap-kan doa yang tersebut dalam ayat ini, yang maksudnya "Wahai Tuhanku, masukkanlah aku ke tempat yang Engkau kehendaki, baik di dunia maupun di akhirat, dan tempatkan aku ke tempat yang Engkau kehendaki, baik di dunia maupun di akhirat."

Di antara contoh masuknya Rasulullah ke suatu tempat dengan benar ialah beliau dan para sahabat memasuki kota Medinah sebagai orang-orang yang hijrah dari Mekah, memasuki kota Mekah di waktu penaklukan kota itu, masuk kubur setelah mati, dan memasuki tempat yang diridai Allah, seperti masuk masjid, rumah sendiri, rumah sahabat, dan kenalan setelah minta izin darinya, dan sebagainya. Keluar dari semua tempat yang dikehendaki Allah, seperti keluar dari kota Mekah waktu hijrah, keluar dari kubur waktu hari kebangkitan, atau keluar dari semua tempat yang dikehendaki Allah, seperti kota-kota yang menjadi tempat melakukan perbuatan maksiat dan sebagainya.

Allah swt juga memerintahkan kepada Nabi agar berdoa kepada-Nya supaya dijadikan orang yang menguasai hujah dan alasan yang dapat diterima dan ketika berdakwah, dapat memuaskan orang-orang yang mendengarkannya sehingga bertambah kuat imannya. Jika yang mendengar orang kafir, hati mereka menjadi lunak dan mau masuk Islam. Sebagai jawaban terhadap doa Nabi Muhammad itu, Allah menerangkan bahwa Dia memelihara Nabi dari segala macam tipu daya manusia dan akan me-menangkannya terhadap orang-orang kafir, sebagaimana tersebut dalam firman-Nya:

Dan Allah memelihara engkau dari (gangguan) manusia. Sungguh, Allah tidak memberi petunjuk kepada orang-orang kafir. (al-Ma'idah/5: 67)