Surah Al-Hashr 59:11

The False Promise of Support the Hypocrites gave to the Jews

Allah states that the hypocrites, `Abdullah bin Ubayy and his like, sent a messenger to Bani An-Nadir promising them help. Allah the Exalted said,

(Have you not observed the hypocrites who say to their friends among the People of the Scripture who disbelieve: "If you are expelled, we indeed will go out with you, and we shall never obey anyone against you; and if you are attacked, we shall indeed help you.") Allah then said,

(But Allah is Witness that they verily are liars.) meaning, the hypocrites lied when they issued this promise, because it was just words that they did not intend to fulfill. Also, what they said they would do, would never have been fulfilled by them, and this is why Allah said,

(and if they are attacked, they will never help them.) meaning, the hypocrites will not fight along with the Jews,

(And (even) if they do help them, ) and even if the hypocrites did fight along their side,

(they will turn their backs, and they will not be victorious.) This Ayah contains good news, just as the good news that this following Ayah conveys,

(Verily, you are more fearful in their breasts than Allah.) meaning, the hypocrites fear you more than they fear Allah, as He says;

(Behold! a section of them fear men as they fear Allah or even more.)(4:77) This is why Allah said,

(That is because they are a people who comprehend not.) Allah then said,

(They fight not against you even together, except in fortified townships, or from behind walls.) meaning, they will not fight Muslims except from behind besieged fortified forts, because of their cowardice and fear of Muslims. They only fight when they have to defend themselves (even though they threaten Muslims of reprisals). Allah the Exalted said,

(Their enmity among themselves is very great.) meaning, the enmity they feel against each other is intense,

(And make you to taste the violence of one another.)(6:65) Allah said in the Ayah,

(You would think they were united, but their hearts are divided.) meaning, even though one might see them combining forces and think that these forces are harmonious, yet in reality, they are divided severely. Ibrahim An-Nakha`i said that this Ayah refers to the hypocrites and the People of the Scriptures,

(That is because they are a people who understand not.) Allah said,

(They are like their immediate predecessors; they tasted the evil result of their conduct, and for them a painful torment.) referring to the Jewish tribe of Bani Qaynuqa`, according to Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah and Muhammad bin Ishaq.

The Parable of the Hypocrites and the Jews

Allah said,

(Like Shaytan, when he says to man: "Disbelieve." But when (man) disbelieves, Shaytan says: "I am free of you...") meaning, the example of the Jews being deceived by the promises of the hypocrites, who said that they will help them if Muslims fight them, is that of the devil. When matters got serious and the Jews were besieged, the hypocrites betrayed them and abandoned them to taste utter defeat. Likewise, the devil lures mankind into disbelief and when they obey him, he disowns them and declares himself free of their actions, saying,

(I fear Allah, the Lord of all that exists!) Allah said,

(So, the end of both will be that they will be in the Fire, abiding therein.) meaning, the end of both he, Shaytan, who commanded that dis- belief be committed, and those who accep- ted his call, was in the fire of Hell forever,

(Such is the recompense of the wrongdoers. ) means, this is the recompense of every unjust person.

Diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Ishaq, Ibnu Mundhir, dan Abu Nu'aim dari Ibnu 'Abbas bahwa ayat ini turun berhubungan dengan segolongan orang dari Bani Auf, di antaranya ialah 'Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul, Wadi'ah bin Malik, Suwaid, dan Da'is, diutus kepada Bani Nadhir sebagaimana diterangkan ayat ini.

Allah mengatakan kepada Rasulullah saw, "Apakah engkau tidak heran hai Muhammad melihat tindakan-tindakan orang-orang munafik itu? Mereka menjanjikan sesuatu kepada orang-orang Yahudi Bani Nadhir, yang berlawanan dengan keinginan mereka sendiri. Orang-orang munafik yang dipimpin oleh 'Abdullah bin Ubay mengatakan kepada orang Yahudi Bani Nadhir bahwa mereka adalah teman akrab, karena mereka menyimpan permusuhan dengan kaum Muslimin."

Mereka mengatakan, "Hai Bani Nadhir, jika kamu sekalian diusir dari negerimu sebagaimana dikehendaki Muhammad saw dan kaum Muslimin, pastilah kami akan bersama-sama dengan kamu, dan tidak ada seorang pun yang dapat menghalangi kami ikut serta dengan kamu sekalian."

Selanjutnya orang-orang munafik itu mengatakan, "Hai Bani Nadhir, jika kamu sekalian diperangi Muhammad kami pasti menolongmu dan ikut menumpas musuh-musuh kamu", kenyataannya semua yang dijanjikan orang-orang munafik itu bohong belaka. Mereka dengan mudah mengingkari janji yang telah mereka janjikan walaupun janji itu dikuatkan dengan sumpah. Allah mengetahui bahwa mereka berdusta.

Perkataan "Allah menyaksikan bahwa mereka benar-benar pendusta" merupakan suatu kabar gaib yang akan terjadi pada masa yang akan datang. Sebagaimana disebutkan bahwa orang-orang munafik telah menjanjikan pertolongan kepada Bani Nadhir, tetapi Allah menyatakan bahwa orang-orang munafik itu tidak akan menepati janjinya. Hal itu benar-benar terbukti di kemudian hari. Pemberitaan suatu kejadian yang akan terjadi di kemudian hari ini termasuk bukti kemukjizatan Al-Qur'an.

'Abdullah bin Ubay dan kawan-kawannya ketika melihat kaum Muslimin mengepung Bani Nadhir, mengirim dua orang utusan untuk menyampaikan pesan bahwa ia dan kawan-kawannya akan datang membantu dengan segala kekuatan yang ada pada mereka, untuk membebaskan mereka dari kepungan Muhammad. Setelah Bani Nadhir dikepung rapat oleh kaum Muslimin selama berhari-hari, bantuan yang dijanjikan itu tidak kunjung datang. Akhirnya orang Yahudi Bani Nadhir yakin bahwa janji 'Abdullah bin Ubay dan kawan-kawannya itu adalah janji bohong belaka. Maka timbullah rasa takut dan gentar dalam hati mereka. Oleh karena itu, mereka menyatakan menyerah kepada Rasulullah saw tanpa syarat. Maka Rasulullah saw menetapkan bahwa mereka harus menerima hukuman yang ditetapkan bagi mereka, dan keluar dari kota Medinah dengan paksa.